Andrology is a branch of medicine that deals with male genitalia. It is prevailing belief that major issues that andrology deals with are male fertility and erectile dysfunction. Both occur in men or young adults. In this perspective, how does this involve the paediatric (urologist) surgeon? He is indeed very important. In children, surgical diseases involving male genitalia are common. They in...

A clinical case of acquired unilateral cryptorchidism after herniotomy was described. Extensive degenerative changes were histologically observed not only in the cryptorchid testis but also in the scrotal one, and were regarded as underlying processes of sterility in the case of unilateral cryptorchidism . In experimental unilateral cryptorchidism in dogs, histologically demon strable spermatog...

Cryptorchidism is common in infants born preterm, yet the mechanism for its occurrence is still debated. In a study of 21 premature babies with cryptorchidism at 18 months post-term and 21 case matched controls, cryptorchid preterm infants failed to show the normal rise in plasma testosterone in the first postnatal week. This rise is thought to relate to residual maternal human chorionic gonado...

Germ cell death and their removal from the seminiferous epithelium are common in the affected testis in conditions of unilateral ischemia or cryptorchidism; the similarities and differences, however, have not been studied between these two conditions. The present study was designed to examine the severity of the effect on testicular germ cells during the initial stages of both ischemia and cryp...

PURPOSE The frequency, significance and possible etiology of testicular ascent (acquired cryptorchidism) are characterized in light of the known incidence and natural history of congenital cryptorchidism, and data provided by longitudinal and epidemiological studies of ascended testes and orchiopexy rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS We comprehensively reviewed the literature addressing the epidemi...

BACKGROUND Recently, over-the-counter mild analgesic use during pregnancy has been suggested to influence the risk of reproductive disorders in the offspring. We examined the influence of maternal exposure to mild analgesics during pregnancy on the occurrence of cryptorchidism and hypospadia in their offspring. METHODS Associations between maternal exposure to mild analgesics during pregnancy...

BACKGROUND Androgens are crucial for normal testicular descent. Studies show that some pesticides have estrogenic or antiandrogenic effects, and that female workers exposed to pesticides have increased risk of having a boy with cryptorchidism. The main objective of the present study was to investigate whether pregnant women exposed to pesticides due to their work in horticulture experience exce...

Cryptorchidism and hypospadias have been related to prenatal estrogen exposure in animal models. Some chemicals used in farming and gardening have been shown to possess estrogenic and other hormone-disrupting effects. Earlier studies have indicated increased risks of urogenital malformations in the sons of pesticide appliers. In the present study, parental occupation in the farming and gardenin...

Maternal Alcohol Consumption Linked to Cryptorchidism in Sons Cryptorchidism (undescended testes), the most frequently occurring genital malformation in newborn boys, is a risk factor for later testicular cancer and fertility problems. By some reports, incidence has increased in recent decades, with environmental and lifestyle factors as potential contributors. As part of a broader investigatio...