The performance of the ANAMMOX process was investigated in two identical laboratory-scale multi- and single-fed upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors (denoted R1 and R0) at different hydraulic residence times (HRTs) varying from 2.06 to 1.52 h and NH4(+)-N inf concentrations ranging from 70 to 266 mg L(-1). The substrate removal efficiencies of both reactors decreased as HRT decreased...

Optimal control of polymerization reactors is of immense interest due to necessity of operating these reactors optimally to produce a polymer product with desired quality characteristics. In the past, various classical methods have been reported for optimal control of polymerization reactors. However, stochastic and evolutionary optimization methods are found effective in solving complex optimi...

This paper examines the association of cardiovascular reactivity with thermal thresholds (detection and unpleasantness). Heart period (HP), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure of 42 health young males were recorded during a cardiovascular reactivity task (a videogame based upon Sidman's avoidance paradigm). Thermal sensitivity, assessing detection and unpleasantness thresholds wit...

BACKGROUND Volatile fatty acid intoxication (acidosis), a common process failure recorded in anaerobic reactors, leads to drastic losses in methane production. Unfortunately, little is known about the microbial mechanisms underlining acidosis and the potential to recover the process. In this study, triplicate mesophilic anaerobic reactors of 100 L were exposed to acidosis resulting from an exce...

Plastic piping made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and chlorinated PVC (CPVC), is being increasingly used for drinking water distribution lines. Given the formulation of the material from vinyl chloride (VC), there has been concern that the VC (a confirmed human carcinogen) can leach from the plastic piping into drinking water. PVC/CPVC pipe reactors in the laboratory and tap samples collected fr...

Sludge drying reed bed (SDRB) is a technology adopted to treat sludge from septic tanks, latrines, or anaerobic and aerobic reactors. The sludge is loaded by pumping on vegetated beds, and treated by a combination of physical and biochemical processes. The dewatering of the sludge is due to a combined effect of drainage and evapotranspiration. The organic matter reduction of the sludge is drive...

The use of flow chemistry techniques has flourished over the past decade, with the field expanding to include the use of copper flow reactors in bench-top organic synthesis in recent years. These reactors are available in a variety of forms and possess a number of advantages over their batch reaction counterparts, in terms of both safety and yield. This review will highlight the current researc...

While there has been a longstanding interest in stability of non-isothermal reactors there has only recently developed a comparable interest in the dynamics of onen isothermal reactors with complex chemical reaction networks. In the recent literature there has been paid particular attention to the study of biological reaction systems which might exhibit sustained oscillations (biological clocks...

Three – Phase Sparged Reactors are widely used in Chemical, Bio-Chemical and Petrochemical Industrial processes. The advantages of these reactors include high mass and heat transfer rates,isothermal conditions and on-line catalyst addition and withdrawl. The high heat transfer rates of Three-Phase Sparged Reactors are particularly attractive for highly exothermic reactions where substantial red...

The Sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) features a closed fuel cycle for efficient conversion of fertile uranium and management of minor actinides. A full actinide-recycle fuel cycle is envisioned with two major options: One involves intermediatesized (150 to 500 MWe) sodium-cooled fast reactors with uranium-plutonium-minor-actinidezirconium metal alloy fuel, supported by a fuel cycle based on pyr...