This study compared the peak isometric strength of the cervical flexors in deep bite temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) patients while biting in four bite positions: habitual occlusion, edge-to-edge, lateral shift and retruded. These values were then compared to those of the same subjects' bite positions elevated to a functional criterion (maximum isometric strength of the deltoid muscles). Th...

swarming is a common mating behavior present throughout Diptera and, in particular, in species of lower flies (nematocerous Diptera). mating aggregations have been observed in the wild and in laboratory colonies of mosquitoes (culicidae) and phantom midges (chaoboridae), but have been assumed to be absent in their sister taxon, the frog-biting midges (corethrellidae). corethrellidae is a monoge...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES In the present study, an attempt was made to find reasons of ineffectiveness of indoor residual spray to interrupt malaria transmission by investigating the behaviour of two variants of Anopheles stepnesi, viz. type form and mysorensis in rural areas of Rajasthan, India. METHODS Both low malarious (DDT spray from 1958 to 1976) and high malarious (DDT spray from 1958 to...

We thank Dr. Akor and colleagues for their interest in our work. The main purpose of the systematic review we conducted was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of tongue biting in the differential diagnosis between epileptic seizures and syncope. Such an approach proved useful in providing evidence-based information on the diagnostic role of other clinical findings (tongue biting, urinary incont...

BACKGROUND Tail biting is a common problem in intensive pig farming, affecting both welfare and production. Although routine tail docking is banned within the EU, it remains a common practice to prevent tail biting. Straw as environmental enrichment has been proposed as an alternative to tail docking, but its effectiveness against tail biting and function in manure handling systems have to be c...

BACKGROUND Nail biting (NB) is a very common unwanted behavior. The majority of children are motivated to stop NB and have already tried to stop it, but are generally unsuccessful in doing so. It is a difficult behavior to modify or treat. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders in a clinical sample of children with NB who present at a ch...

The results of an experimental study of the motivational consequences of short-term prevention of crib-biting are reported here. Eight test horses wore a cribbing collar for 24 h. This was effective in preventing crib-biting in 6 subjects. Using analysis of co-variance that accounted for baseline differences in crib-biting rate, test horses showed significantly more crib-biting than control hor...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of stretching the upper trapezius muscle on the asymmetric rate of bite force. [Subjects] Forty-seven female university students who had all their original teeth, had no disorders in the temporomandibular joints, and had never worn braces; participated in this study. [Methods] An occlusometer was used to measure biting forces. Subse...

Objective To determine occurrence of oral habits among Saudi preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and compare it with healthy preschool children. Methods This study was conducted over a 14-months period in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The sample consisted of two groups; a study group (SG) of 150 ASD children, and a control group (CG) of age- and gender-matched 150 healthy children....

Weather variations have clear associations with the epidemiology of dengue fever and populations of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Data on humidity associations, however, lags with respect to its effect on host-biting, nectar-seeking and survival. This experimental study on Ae. aegypti, sourced from the arid tropics, investigated the effect of low and high relative humidity and diet in relation to h...