Caudal epidural block is a commonly used technique for surgical anesthesia in children and chronic pain management in adults. It is performed by inserting a needle through the sacral hiatus to gain entrance into the sacral epidural space. Using conventional blind technique, the failure rate of caudal epidural block in adults is high even in experienced hands. This high failure rate could be att...

Aim: Inferior dental anaesthesia via the direct intraoral approach, mandibular conduction anaesthesia via extraoral landmarks (Gow-Gates) and mandibular conduction anaesthesia via the tuberosity approach (Akinosi) were evaluated using pain during injection, aspiration test, pinprick, depth and frequency of anaesthesia, onset and duration of anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: 120 patients of bo...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block can be used as part of a multimodal analgesia protocol after abdominal surgery. This study investigated whether a pneumoperitoneum during abdominal surgery influences the spread of local anesthetics. METHODS Nine fresh frozen cadavers were used for the study. Using an ultrasound-guided midaxillary technique, a unilateral TA...

PURPOSE Buffering of anesthetic solutions has been suggested to reduce pain on injection and onset of anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to assess the reduction in pain on injection during inferior alveolar nerve block administration in children. METHODS A double blind crossover study was designed where 30 six- to 12-year-old patients received two sessions of inferior alveolar nerve bl...

we are convinced that sub-Tenon blocks produce a more consistent (reproducible) anesthesia than do peribulbar injections. This probably is due to anatomic reasons explained in our previous articles. –7 From an anatomic point of view, the difference between both technique groups can be better understood by using an analogy with perimedullary blocks: peribulbar injection can be assimilated to epi...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess children's reactions to the administration of local anesthetic injection in the mandible and in the maxilla, and to study their sensation of pain after each type of injection. METHODS Twenty-six children between the ages of 4 to 6 (mean age 5.3+/-0.7 years), and 34 children aged between 7 to 10 (mean age 8.1+/-1.1 years,) who were undergoing den...

Introduction: Anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) block is a nerve block technique in conjunction with computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) system. Anterior middle superior alveolar produces local anesthesia (LA) to the maxillary teeth from second premolar to the central incisor including the hard palate and corresponding soft-tissue of both buccal and palatal side, with s...

Slow resolution of block and incidence of side effects deter many practitioners from choosing spinal anesthesia for out-patient surgical procedures. Some studies suggest that controlling bevel or side port orientation of a spinal needle during anesthetic injection can affect occurrence of side effects and time to block resolution. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of vary...

INTRODUCTION Phentolamine mesylate has been reported to be an effective local anesthetic reversal agent for soft tissue but has not been studied regarding reversal of pulpal anesthesia. The authors conducted a prospective randomized, single-blind study comparing the reversal of pulpal and soft tissue anesthesia when phentolamine was administered at 30 minutes versus 60 minutes after the adminis...

Background: Because nerve stimulators are not always available for brachial plexus block, fmding the right injection spot for nerve blocks is important. In this study we used physical examination to determine the appropriate spot for injection. Methods: All patients who were candidates for upper extremity surgery and were either in class ASA I or ASA II, were selected. Paresthesia was elicited ...