A phosphorylated, nonstructural protein of bluetongue virus, NS2, is synthesized throughout the replication cycle in comparatively large amounts. The protein was detected in both the soluble and particulate fraction of the cytoplasm of infected cells. The particulate NS2 could be solubilized in 0.5 M NaCl. It was found that NS2 in the particulate fraction and immunoprecipitates of NS2 from the ...

The invasion of multiple strains of the midge-borne bluetongue virus into southern Europe since the late 1990s provides a rare example of a clear impact of climate change on a vector-borne disease. However, the subsequent dramatic continent-wide spread and burden of this disease has depended largely on altered biotic interactions with vector and host communities in newly invaded areas. Transmis...

5. Gaia V, Fry NK, Afshar B, Luck PC, Meugnier H, Etienne J, et al. Consensus sequence-based scheme for epidemiological typing of clinical and environmental isolates of Legionella pneumophila. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:2047–52. 6. Ratzow S, Gaia V, Helbig JH, Fry NK, Luck PC. Addition of neuA, the gene encoding N-acylneuraminate cytidylyl transferase, increases the discriminatory ability of the...

Infection of ruminants with most (but not all) serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV) leads to a highly blood cell-associated viremia that may be prolonged but not persistent. Furthermore, recovered animals are resistant to reinfection with the homologous virus serotype, which is the basis for vaccination strategies to prevent BTV infection and the clinical disease (bluetongue) that it causes in d...

HUISMANS, H . :Vfacromolccular synthesis in bluetongue virus infected cells. II. Host cell metabolism. Onderstcpoort]. TJC! . R es., 37 (4), 199-210 (1970). Infection of L-cells with bluetongue virus results in inhibition of protein and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis shortly after infection. No inhibition of ribonucleic acid synthesis is observed before 7 hours after infection. The length of t...

Bluetongue virus proteins derived from baculovirus expression vectors have been administered in different combinations to sheep, a vertebrate host susceptible to bluetongue virus, and the neutralizing antibody responses were measured. Vaccinated sheep were subsequently challenged, and the indices of clinical reaction were calculated. The results indicated that the outer capsid protein VP2 alone...

Bluetongue is an International Office of Epizootics List A disease described as the century's most economically devastating affliction of sheep. Bluetongue (BLU) viruses were thought to infect only ruminants, shrews, and some rodents, but recently, inadvertent administration of BLU virus-contaminated vaccine resulted in mortality and abortion among domestic dogs. We present evidence of natural ...

Understanding where and how fast an infectious disease will spread during an epidemic is critical for its control. However, the task is a challenging one as numerous factors may interact and drive the spread of a disease, specifically when vector-borne diseases are involved. We advocate the use of simultaneous autoregressive models to identify environmental features that significantly impact th...