Software Bottlenecks are performance constraints caused by slow execution of a software task. In typical client-server systems a client task must wait in a blocked state for the server task to respond to its requests, so a saturated server will slow down all its clients. A Rendezvous Network generalizes this relationship to multiple layers of servers with send-and-wait interactions (rendezvous)...

Selection on mitochondrial mutations potentially occurs at different levels: at the mitochondria, cell, and organism levels. Several factors affect the strength of selection at these different levels; in particular, mitochondrial bottlenecks during germline development and reduced paternal transmission decrease the genetic variance within cells, while they increase the variance between cells an...

Evolutionary ecology may be described as explaining through evolution and vice versa, but one also view it an integration of the two fields, where takes that are inseparable, can only begin to understand biology organisms by synthesizing fields. An example such a synthesis is high fecundity associated concept sweepstakes reproduction, or skewed individual recruitment success. As illustration, w...

In this paper, a system-theoretic approach to bottlenecks in Markovian production lines is introduced and analyzed. The approach is based on the sensitivity of the system production rate to machines’ reliability parameters. Using this approach, definitions of bottlenecks are introduced, methods for their identification are developed, and their implications for production automation and preventa...

We present a generalization of the average shadow price in 0-1-Mixed Integer Linear Programming problems and its relation with bottlenecks including the analysis relative to the coefficients matrix of resource constraints. A mathematical programming approach to find the strategy for investment in resources is presented. KeywordsMixed Integer programming, Average shadow price, Bottlenecks, Resou...

Genetic bottlenecks facilitate the fixation and extinction of variants in populations, and viral populations are no exception to this theory. To examine the existence of genetic bottlenecks in cell-to-cell movement of plant RNA viruses, we prepared constructs for Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus RNA2 vectors carrying two different fluorescent proteins, yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and cyan flu...

Severe bottlenecks can reduce genetic diversity and increase inbreeding as individuals are forced to mate with close relatives, but it is unknown at what minimum population size the negative fitness consequences of bottlenecks are expressed. The New Zealand avifauna contains a large number of species that have gone through bottlenecks of varying severity, providing an exceptional opportunity to...

Automatic performance debugging of parallel applications usually involves two steps: automatic detection of performance bottlenecks and uncovering their root causes for performance optimization. Previous work fails to resolve this challenging issue in several ways: first, several previous efforts automate analysis processes, but present the results in a confined way that only identifies perform...

RNA viruses such as poliovirus have high mutation rates, and a diverse viral population is likely required for full virulence. We previously identified limitations on poliovirus spread after peripheral injection of mice expressing the human poliovirus receptor (PVR), and we hypothesized that the host interferon response may contribute to the viral bottlenecks. Here, we examined poliovirus popul...