Given a spacelike foliation of a spacetime and a marginally outer trapped surface S on some initial leaf, we prove that under a suitable stability condition S is contained in "horizon" i.e., a smooth 3-surface foliated by marginally outer trapped slices which lie in the leaves of the given foliation. We also show that under rather weak energy conditions this horizon must be either achronal or s...

This paper presents a new adaptive sampling method for implicit surfaces that can been used in both interactive modeling and animation. The algorithm samples implicit objects generated by skeletons and efficiently maintains this sampling, even when their topology changes over time such as during fractures and fusions. It provides two complementary modes of immediate visualization: displaying “s...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) provides rapid fingerprinting of biomaterial in a non-destructive manner. The adsorption of colloidal silver to biological material suppresses native biofluorescence while increasing the normal Raman signal via the surfaceenhanced Raman effect. This work validates the applicability of qualitative SER spectroscopy, utilizing principal component analysis (...

This chapter presents a brief outline of our current knowledge of the structures of the bounding membranes (the inner and the outer membranes and the intermediate periplasmic layer) of a Gram-negative bacterial cell. Also the structure and chemical composition of the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) originating from the surface of these bacteria including their proteomic profile, as obtained main...

The tightness of the bounding volume is often difficult to adjust to suit different applications. In this paper, we present a technique to derive a tunable bounding volume for elliptic paraboloids, where the tightness can easily be controlled and altered at several levels. Our technique develops such a tunable bounding volume through the optimization process. Bounding volumes thus developed con...

Principle component analysis (PCA) is commonly used to compute a bounding box of a point set in Rd . The popularity of this heuristic lies in its speed, easy implementation and in the fact that usually, PCA bounding boxes quite well approximate the minimum-volume bounding boxes. In this paper we give a lower bound on the approximation factor of PCA bounding boxes of convex polytopes in arbitrar...

A new method of word segmentation for document images is presented. The method uses the bounding box regions to enclose the letters (characters) of the words and then the resulting letter spaces are progressively filled to merge the character bounding boxes to get the word bounding boxes. The method holds good for inclined and irregularly distributed words. The proposed method completely avoids...

The paper examines the merit of a bounding surface plasticity model at both element and system level. governing equations are based essentially on parent reported by Dafalias Manzari in 2004 with some simple yet practical changes to enable realistic predictions for monotonic loading along different load paths. This is achieved scaling influence state parameter normalised measure anisotropy, thu...

This paper attempts to set the basis for a systematic approach in designing quadruped robots employing a dynamically stable quadruped running in the sagittal plane with a bounding gait, which is a simple model commonly used to analyze the basic qualitative properties of quadruped gaits that use the legs in pair. The outcome of the proposed methodology is the optimal shape of the bounding quadru...

We describe a novel dynamic vision scheme and its application for locating face images. The approach is based on a biologically motivated feature extraction model involving retinal sampling along M-type lattices and small oscillatory eye movements. The bounding box of the face is then found based on the conspicuity surface emerging while scanning the input and deriving the features. Simulation ...