The bovine and human respiratory syncytial viruses cause severe lower respiratory tract infections. Effective vaccines against the respiratory syncytial viruses have been lacking since vaccine failures in the 1960s and 1970s. In this report, we describe a bovine respiratory syncytial virus (bRSV) challenge model in which both classical bRSV respiratory infection and vaccine-enhanced immune path...

BACKGROUND Detection of respiratory viruses in veterinary species has traditionally relied on virus detection by isolation or immunofluorescence and/or detection of circulating antibody using ELISA or serum neutralising antibody tests. Multiplex real time PCR is increasingly used to diagnose respiratory viruses in humans and has proved to be superior to traditional methods. Bovine respiratory d...

Three experiments were conducted to determine preliminary efficacy of sustained release needle-less implants in effecting cure in calves with bovine respiratory disease. One hundred and twenty beef calves with a rectal temperature > or = 40 degrees C and shallow or labored respiration and coughing were used in these experiments. Four groups (1-ceftiofur sodium injections [days 1, 2, and 3], 2-c...

Extended laboratory culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing timelines hinder rapid species identification and susceptibility profiling of bacterial pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease, the most prevalent cause of cattle mortality in the United States. Whole-genome sequencing offers a culture-independent alternative to current bacterial identification methods, but requi...

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is caused by Bovine Herpes Virus-1(BHV-1), a member of the genus Varicellovirus in the sub-family Alphaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae and order Herpesvirales. Virions are enveloped and variably sized (approximately120–250 nm in diameter), containing an icosahedral nucleocapsid composed of 162 capsomers. Genome is linear double-stranded DNA, 125–290 k...

This is the first report of an acute and fatal outbreak of bovine diarrhea virus (BVDV)-2 infection in Israel. The clinical presentation varied with the age of the affected animals with a bovine-respiratory-complex-like syndrome in young stock, and diarrhea and dysentery only in the lactating stock. Enteritis first appeared in one shed of post-parturient cows; it spread for 6 weeks, until at le...

In order to obtain data concerning the involvement of Mannheimia haemolytica in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) outbreaks, a serological survey was carried out on paired (acuteconvalescent) sera from 1310 beef and 810 dairy cattle collected in 262 BRD outbreaks in Italian herds during 2002-2006. No vaccination program to M. haemolytica A1 was applied in the investigated herds. For each outbrea...

The Kansas strain of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is 100- to 1,000-fold restricted in replication in the respiratory tracts of nonhuman primates compared to human PIV3 (HPIV3), an important pathogen of infants and young children. BPIV3 is also restricted in replication in human infants and children, yet it is immunogenic and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials as a vacc...

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a well-known disease-causing agent in cattle. There is little known detailed information on viral behavior with emphasis on host invasion at primary replication sites such as the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. Therefore, an in vitro system of bovine upper respiratory tract (bURT) mucosa explants was set up to study BoHV-1 molecular/cellular host-pathogen...