OBJECTIVE To undertake a five year follow up of a cohort of women and children delivered by forceps or vacuum extractor in a randomised controlled study. DESIGN Follow up of a randomised controlled trial. SETTING District general hospital in the West Midlands. POPULATION Follow up questionnaires were sent to 306 of the 313 women originally recruited at the North Staffordshire Hospital to ...

BACKGROUND To clarify lifestyle factors that affect the risk of pancreatic cancer among the Japanese population, a nested case-control study was conducted using data from the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC), Japan. METHODS The study subjects included 200 incident cases of pancreatic cancer and 2000 age-class frequency-matched cancer-free outpatie...

OBJECTIVES To explore the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its distribution characteristics of adolescents and children in China and its contributing factors. METHODS This study was a stratified, randomized study by clustering samples, which involved 5403 students whose age range was 6 to 18 years from 9 schools, and was conducted in Heilongjiang Province and Shanghai. All stu...

BACKGROUND Constipation is one of the most common medical complications of acute stroke. Identifying evidence-based management strategies are essential to ensure an optimum stroke rehabilitation outcome. Currently, there are limited management strategies of constipation in stroke. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to determine the effectiveness of non-surgical management strategies f...

introduction in spite of the increasing trend in opioid abusers worldwide, the prevalence of narcotic bowel syndrome (nbs) is undetermined. we aimed to estimate the prevalence of nbs and other opioid bowel dysfunction (obd) in opioid abusers in kerman, southeast iran. according to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the prevalence of nbs in opioid abusers. method by ref...

Habits, both good ones and bad ones, are pervasive in animal behavior. Important frameworks have been developed to understand habits through psychological and neurobiological studies. This work has given us a rich understanding of brain networks that promote habits, and has also helped us to understand what constitutes a habitual behavior as opposed to a behavior that is more flexible and prosp...