It is quite clear that the political instability generated by the events of 1987 and 2000 gave greater impetus to the emigration process. Prior to 1987, emigration levels averaged around 2,460. However, thereafter, emigration levels soared to more than 5,000 annually, before falling to around 4,600 in 1992. The number of people moving abroad rose steadily from 1993 onwards, reaching a record hi...

This paper investigates whether studying abroad increases the propensity to live abroad later on. We use an instrumental variable approach based on cut-offs in the ranking of Dutch higher education graduates who applied for a specific scholarship program. Applicants with a ranking above the cut-off received a scholarship from the program to study abroad, whereas students with a ranking below th...