Abstract Deep brain stimulation has become a last resource procedure for severe, chronic and refractory OCD. However, the is highly invasive its efficacy must be balanced against risks it may entail. In addition, there are number of procedure-related issues that influence DBS, such as target stimulation, parameters to selected, presence comorbidities exclusion criteria, or in different OCD subt...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has provided remarkable benefits for people with a variety of neurologic conditions. Stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus can dramatically relieve tremor associated with essential tremor or Parkinson disease (PD). Similarly, stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or the internal segment of the globus pallidus can substantially reduce brady...

Electrical stimulation of the basal ganglia [e.g., the same structure that demonstrates abnormal physiology in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients] relieves many of the motor symptoms of the disease. The treatment involves the placement of a permanent electrode in the basal ganglia as well as of a brain pacemaker that is placed under the skin of the chest and provides the power needed to produce ...

Noninvasive brain stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is valuable in research and has potential therapeutic applications in cognitive neuroscience, neurophysiology, psychiatry, and neurology. TMS allows neurostimulation and neuromodulation, while tDCS is a purely neuromodulatory application. TMS and tDCS allow diagnostic and...

Ignited by the efficacy and commercial success of cardiac devices, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and biomedical engineers are collaborating to develop implantable brain devices to arrest, contain, and preempt seizures before they cause clinical symptoms. New devices in development deliver electrical stimulation or pharmacologic agents locally to the epileptic focus or deep nuclei to modulate sei...

Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) is a clinical intervention that has provided remarkable therapeutic benefits for otherwise treatment-resistant movement and affective disorders. The resulting direct causal manipulation of both local and distributed brain networks is not only clinically helpful but can also help to provide novel fundamental insights into brain function. In particular, DBS can be use...

Innovations in the field of deep brain stimulation (DBS) are introduced recently, considering that the fundamentals of DBS remained significantly unchanged over 25 years. Technological advances involve not only DBS hardware but also new patterns of stimulation, brain imaging and pathophysiological pathways. Every effort is done to obtain the best outcome for the patient with the lower adverse e...

In 1953, Olds and Milner discovered that rats would readily learn to work for electrical stimulation of certain brain sites. Their findings inspired a large body of research on the neural basis of reward, motivation, and learning. Unlike consummatory behaviors, which satiate as a result of ingestion of and contact with the goal object, performance for rewarding brain stimulation is remarkably s...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has provided remarkable therapeutic benefits for people with a variety of neurological disorders. Despite the uncertainty of the precise mechanisms underlying its efficacy, DBS is clinically effective in improving motor function of essential tremor, Parkinson’s disease and primary dystonia and in relieving obsessive-compulsive disorder. Recently, this surgical techn...