Self-assembly of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) into toxic oligomers and fibrillar polymers is believed to cause Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the AD brain, a high percentage of Aβ contains Met-sulfoxide at position 35, though the role this modification plays in AD is not clear. Oxidation of Met(35) to sulfoxide has been reported to decrease the extent of Aβ assembly and neurotoxicity, whereas surprisin...

The development of technology enables the reduction of material size in science. The use of particle reduction in size from micro to nanoscale not only provides benefits to diverse scientific fields but also poses potential risks to humans and the environment. For the successful application of nanomaterials in bioscience, it is essential to understand the biological fate and potential toxicity ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by excessive beta amyloid (Aβ) deposition in brain, leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. The mechanisms of BBB disruption in AD are still unclear, despite considerable research. The adipokine adiponectin is known to regulate various metabolic functions and reduce inflammation. Though adiponectin rec...

cis-Platinum, bleomycin, 5-fluorouracil, and cyclophosphamide were administered to rodent and canine models of osmotic blood-brain barrier modification to evaluate the relationship between tissue drug concentration in brain and the physiological and neuropathological effects of the drug. The toxicity studies were carried out in the canine, and the pharmacological studies were carried out in the...

Mucormycosis in patients who have COVID-19 or are otherwise immunocompromised has become a global problem, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Infection is debilitating fatal, leading to loss of organs emotional trauma. Radiographic manifestations not specific, but diagnosis can be made through microscopic examination materials collected from necrotic lesions. Treatment requires multid...

BACKGROUND Estrogen, a class of female sex steroids, is neuroprotective. Estrogen is synthesized in specific areas of the brain. There is a possibility that the de novo synthesized estrogen exerts protective effect in brain, although direct evidence for the neuroprotective function of brain-synthesized estrogen has not been clearly demonstrated. Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxin that induces...

Problem statement: Aluminum (Al) is a trivalent cation found in its ionic form in most kinds of animal tissues and in natural waters everywhere. Approach: It is a potent neurotoxin and has been associated in the pathogenesis of several clinical disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. Results: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the protective effect of S-Allyl-Cysteines (SAC) against Al-in...

Convection-enhanced drug delivery (CED) enables achieving a drug concentration within brain tissue and brain tumors that is orders of magnitude higher than by systemic administration. Previous phase I/II clinical trials using intratumoral convection of interleukin-4 Pseudomonas exotoxin (PRX321) have demonstrated an acceptable safety and toxicity profile with promising signs of therapeutic acti...

Labeo rohita fingerlings were exposed to zinc metal toxicity (5 and 10 ppm) for duration of 5 and 15 days. The histological changes were studied in brain and liver of the treated fish. The brain tissues showed enlarged pyramidal cells with extensive vacoulation while severe necrosis, haemorrhage and degeneration of hepatocytes were witnessed in the liver tissues.

The macrocyclic lactone ivermectin (Mectizan(R)) is widely used for the control of human filarial infections, particularly as a donated product for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. In the case of control of lymphatic filariasis in Africa, it is used in combination with donated albendazole. In areas co-endemic for Onchocerciasis and Loa loa, serious adverse reactions have been observed i...