Slowing of transit through the proximal small intestine by fat in the distal gut is termed the ileal brake. Intravenous naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, abolished the fat-induced ileal brake, suggesting that an endogenous opioid pathway may be involved in this response. To test the hypothesis that slowing of intestinal transit by fat in the distal half of the gut depends on an opioid pa...

The increasing demand from the consumer for higher levels of refinement from their passenger vehicles has put considerable pressure on the automotive industry to produce ever quieter cars. In order to prevent the occurrence of many forms of brake noise, especially judder and drone, excessive heating of the brake disc must be avoided, whilst minimising temperature variations across the rotor. In...

Abstract. This paper presents an overview and the current status of hosting the electrostatic plasma brake (EPB) experiment onboard the Finnish Aalto-1 satellite. The goal of the experiment is to demonstrate the use of an electrostatically charged tether for satellite attitude and orbital maneuvers. The plasma brake device is based on electrostatic solar sail concept, invented in Finnish Meteor...

In this paper, an experimental analysis performed on a simplified brake apparatus is presented. Brake squeal is a major concern in braking design. During past years a common approach for squeal prediction was the complex eigenvalues analysis. Squeal phenomenon is treated like a dynamic instability. When two modes of the brake system couple at the same frequency, one of them becomes unstable lea...

The increasing complexity of today’s automotive electronic systems makes it challenging for manufacturers to ensure a high safety level in their vehicles. As a response, the ISO 26262 functional safety standard will be introduced for heavy-duty vehicles in 2018. Therefore, the hardware and software solutions developed by Volvo Group Trucks Technology will need to be adapted to comply with this ...

Vehicle braking system is considered as one of the most fundamental safety-critical systems in modern vehicles as its main purpose is to stop or decelerate the vehicle. The frictional heat generated during braking application can cause numerous negative effects on the brake assembly such as brake fade, premature wear, thermal cracks and disc thickness variation (DTV). In the past, surface rough...

Disc brake squeal, which is considered as a self-excited vibration induced by friction force, has received much attention over decades due to the high customer requirements of the NVH properties of vehicles. This paper presents a characteristic identifying method for the disc brake squeal by analysing the acoustic brake squeal signal obtained from experiment. The sound of brake squeal was recor...

Presented is a real-time engine brake torque estimation model where the instantaneous measured engine speed serves as the model input. The model is comprised of notch filters executed in the crank-angle domain to extract mean engine speed and the nth frequency component from the instantaneous engine speed signal in real-time. Here n denotes the number of engine cylinders. Moreover, the engine b...

1. Abstract The present paper describes a solution to a non-parametric shape optimization problem of a brake model suppressing squeal noise. The brake model consists of a rotor and a pad between which the Coulomb friction occurs. A main problem is defined as a complex eigenvalue problem of the brake model obtained from the equation of motion. As an objective cost function, we use the positive r...

BACKGROUND The functional declines with aging relate to deficits in motor control and strength. In this study, we determine whether older adults exhibit impaired driving as a consequence of declines in motor control or strength. METHODS Young and older adults performed the following tasks: (i) maximum voluntary contractions of ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion; (ii) sinusoidal tracking wi...