The distal-less family of homeobox genes contains six members, Dlx1, Dlx2, Dlx3, Dlx5, Dlx6 and Dlx7, arranged in convergent pairs within the genome of mammals. Both genes of a given pair (Dlx1 and Dlx2, Dlx3 and Dlx7, Dlx5 and 6) have been shown to have similar domains of expression (Qiu et al., 1997). Dlx1 and Dlx2 are expressed in the epithelium and mesenchyme of the maxillary and mandibular...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of available mandibular space in the posterior dental arch of teenagers from 13 to 18 years old. METHODS Longitudinal cephalograms of 28 adolescents (13 boys, 15 girls) with normal occlusion, selected from among 901 candidates, were taken annually from 13 to 18 years of age inclusively. Modified analyses with occlusal plane...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effects of a lingual arch on mandibular arch dimensions when it is used as a space maintainer. METHODS PubMed, Medline, Lilacs, Cochrane Central, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were surveyed for articles published between January 1980 and January 2009. Inclusion criteria were human subjects, prospective or retrospe...

We have investigated the pattern and regulation of Hoxa3 expression in the hindbrain and associated neural crest cells in the chick embryo, using whole mount in situ hybridization in conjunction with DiI labeling of neural crest cells and microsurgical manipulations. Hoxa3 is expressed in the neural plate and later in the neural tube with a rostral border of expression corresponding to the boun...

BACKGROUND Differences in the dental arch among Bhil Aboriginals were investigated and compared with non-tribal individuals residing in a tribal zone of Central India. Plaster models (120) were made with the help of alginate impression of tribal adults as well as non-tribal adults residing in the same area. The supposition as aboriginals being primitive due to dietary practices maxillary arch s...

Submandibular swellings occur relatively commonly in infants and children. Such swellings may be congenital or acquired. The differential diagnoses generally include common conditions, such as cervical lymphadenopathy, branchial arch anomalies, vascular malformations, inflammatory lesions and, less commonly, neoplasm.1-6 Biopsy or excision is the standard approach taken for most pediatric nonva...

To investigate the influence of hindbrain segmentation on craniofacial patterning we have studied the long term fate of neural crest (NC) subpopulations of individual rhombomeres (r), using quail-chick chimeras. Mapping of all skeletal and muscle connective tissues developing from these small regions revealed several novel features of the cranial neural crest. First, the mandibular arch skeleto...