Soybean Stem Fly (SSF), Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner), belongs to the family Agromyzidae and is highly polyphagous, attacking many plant species of the family Fabaceae, including soybean and other beans. SSF is regarded as one of the most important pests in soybean fields of Asia (e.g., China, India), North East Africa (e.g., Egypt), parts of Russia, and South East Asia. Despite reports of Agr...

This paper examines the effect of energy consumption, globalization, and economic growth on CO2 emission BRICS (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China South Africa) region. Using annual data from 1989 to 2019, this research applies a panel cointegration approach. In framework, we use Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) Dynamic (DOLS) methods examine long-run relationship between sel...

The Commitment to Development Index (CDI) ranks 21 of the world’s richest countries on their dedication to policies that benefit the five billion people living in poorer nations. Moving beyond simple comparisons of foreign aid, the CDI ranks countries on seven themes: quantity and quality of foreign aid, openness to developing-country exports, policies that influence investment, migration polic...

The nature of the impact Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on environmental pollution is unclear from available literature and present paper examines short-run long-run association FDI with carbon emissions (CO2) in BRICS countries (Brazile, Russia, India, China South Africa). study estimates panel data for region 1992 to 2018 yearly frequency through cointegration test, vector error correction m...

This paper investigates South Africa’s readiness and attractiveness as a potential location for offshore Information Technology (IT) outsourcing. The shift of IT outsourcing from sites in the US and Western Europe to offshore locations such as India, the Philippines and China continues to be significant. Different countries are slowly entering the race to become the next offshore outsourcing ho...

One of the major problems in relationship between Global South and North is drain intellectual capital from economies education systems most developed countries South, which bothers both developing some European ones. The purpose study to reveal reasons for migration scientists students Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China, Africa (BRICS countries) identify consequences process through exam...

BACKGROUND With the global expansion of clinical trials and the expectations of the rise of the emerging economies known as BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China), the understanding of factors that affect the willingness to participate in clinical trials of patients from those countries assumes a central role in the future of health research. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta...

In this study, the effects of geopolitical risks (GPR) on countries’ trade flows are examined with nonlinear ARDL method by using data 11 countries for 1993M01 – 2021M08 periods. According to findings, positive GPR shocks reduced exports in Turkey, Russia, China, South Africa, Argentina, and Israel, whereas they imports Israel. Negative increased Mexico, Argentina. It was determined that symmet...

This paper examines the effects of age dependency ratio (the young age, old-age and overall age) urbanization on renewable non-renewable energy consumption in Brazil, India, China, South Africa, considering panel data from 1990 to 2019. We control economic growth foreign direct investment inflows as key factors demand function using Stochastic Impacts by Regression Population, Affluence Technol...