Power indices suggest that adding new members to a voting body may affect the balance of power between the original members even if their number of votes and the decision rule remain constant. Some of the original members may actually gain even if voters are bargaining over a fixed budget. We show that this phenomenon can occur as an equilibrium of a non-cooperative bargaining game based on the...

Mutual fund providers serve two principals with opposing interests: their owners, who want them to maximize profits, and their fund shareholders, who want them to maximize fund returns. I investigate what role is played by customer power and information, as well as by competition among fund providers in influencing the balance of power between these two opposing principals. Using a data set of ...

The concept of food security has been defined on numerous occasions by the international community and it has evolved considerably over time. One of the most fundamental shifts has been the change from an initial concept in which food security was considered equivalent to the reliable availability of food towards the contemporary notion in which food is one of the elements of a complex social c...

This study describes cost management development projects in three customer–supplier relationships and analyzes these projects from the perspective of relationships. Differences in suppliers’ objectives, actions taken, and results gained in the projects were found in the explorative study, although the customer’s objective was the same in all cases. The use of cost information depended on the b...

This paper argues that the efficiency distribution of players in a game determines how aggressively these players interact. We formalize the idea of balance of power: players fight very inefficient players but play softly versus equally (or more) efficient players. This theory of conduct predicts that entry by new firms leads to a less aggressive outcome if it creates a balance of power. A bala...

Background: Knowledge of the functional balance tests for the patients with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) may provide useful and accurate information about the balance function of these patients under different situations. Objectives: This study aims to review the functional balance tests for PwMS. Materials and Methods: This is a systematic review. The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, LILA...

In this paper we entertain the hypothesis that observed variations in income shares are the result of changes in the balance of power between workers and capital owners in labor relations. We show that this view implies that income share variations represent a risk factor of first-order importance for the owners of capital and, consequently, are a crucial determinant of the return to equity. Wh...

among the deformities of the spine in sagittal plane, kyphosis is one of the most important cases in the study of postural control from the mechanical standpoint because the smallest deviation of upper limb, that is almost 60 percent of total body weight in standing position, causes displacement of body center of mass to forward and finally will causes weaker balance performance in kyphotic ind...

—Project planning practices employ various methods at various stages, with work breakdown structure (WBS) being a prominent starting point. Using WBS, the components and associated enabling products are often not explicitly expressed. We first introduce the notions of generic project construct and system build. Using a running example of a simplified unmanned aerial vehicle, we review the WBS m...