conclusions it appears that the patient-caregiver education and follow-up program had a beneficial effect on the caregiver strain index compared to the usual care. results the caregiver strain index decreased significantly in the intervention group after the patient-caregiver education and follow-up (p < 0.001), while the control group’s scores did not change (p = 0.04). background in recent ye...

objective: this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on decreasing depression in women with breast cancer. a single-case design was employed in this research.  methods: an ab form of single-subject experimental design was used in this study with 3 baselines (every 10 days) before intervention stage and two measurements during intervention stage and one follow-up (af...

introduction: the etiology of male breast cancer is unclear, but hormonal levels may play a role in development of this disease. it seems that the risk of male breast cancer related to increased lifelong exposure to estrogen or reduced androgen. the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the steroid hormone receptors including estrogen receptor (er) and progesterone receptor (pr...

scientimammography (smm) is a new non-invasive method of imaging breast tumors which in various studies the overall sensitivity of 83%-95.8% and specificity of 52%-95% is reported. the purpose of our study was to evaluate the usefullness of 99mtc-mibi smm in our environment in detecting breast cancer and in reducing the rate of biopsy. 65 patients aged 23-70 years were included in this study. t...

introduction: breast cancer is the second most common cause of brain metastasis. although patient prognosis is poor, isolated brain metastasis occasionally can be an option for treatment with curative intent in breast cancer patients. case presentation: we report a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast who developed an isolated right frontal lobe metastasis within 5 months of fin...

granulomatous response in association with breast cancer and within the cancer draining lymph nodes is an extremely rare phenomenon. granulomatous inflammation is an immune response commonly seen against infectious agents and certain non-neoplastic conditions. the etiopathogenesis of granulomas associated with malignancies is not clear but it may be because of an immunologic reaction to tumour ...

breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in female, after lung cancer. angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis; therefore, antiangiogenesis strategies for treatment of cancer are currently an issue of interest. the role of vascular endothelial growth factor that assumed to be most potent angiogenesis factor is ambiguous in breast cancer. this study descri...

abstract   background: due to the high incidence of breast cancer and the effect of its early diagnosis on decreasing morbidity and mortality, we used the gail model to study breast cancer risk in iranian women.   methods: this study was done in a simple randomized way. participants were 2000 iranian women older than 35 years old. the questionnaire consisted of demographic data such as age, rac...

the increasing prevalence rate of breast cancer among asian-american women shows the more significant role of lifestyle factors in etiology than genetic factors. the search engine pubmed was used for searching related paper by “breast cancer”, “soy”, “isoflavones”, “phytoestrogen” as the key words. we selected papers which published during 1990 to 2012. various experimental studies reported the...