this information sheet contains the necessary information to educate mothers in the early weeks after delivery. so in a relaxed opportunity to read it. if you plan to feed your baby by breast feeding, it is necessary to read it prior to discharge from hospital. note that the duration of breast feeding in the first weeks after the labor is 20 minutes. the best way for breastfeeding is to give th...

background: given the importance of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and role of different factors in self-care behaviors of copd patients, this study was conducted to determine the effect of self-efficacy program on self-care behaviors of copd patients. materials and methods: in this semi-experimental study, 62 copd patients were recruited in which 31 subjects were in control g...

background: febrile convulsion (fc) is one of the most common emergency diseases in childhood that has an incidence of3-4%. the most common causes offc are gastroenteritis and respiratory infections. we know that exclusive breast-feeding in the first 6 months oflife decreases this disorder. methods: in this study we evaluated the frequency of exclusive breast-feeding on children who had fc and ...

background: limited data are available indicating associates of stunting among iranian c hildren. objective: this study was conducted to investigate determinants of stunting in first grade primary school children of tehran in 2007. methods: in this case‑control study, 3147 school children were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method from 5 districts of tehran. anthropometric measu...

background: vaccination is one of the most common painful procedures in infants. the irreversible consequences due to pain experiences in infants are enormous. breast feeding and massage therapy methods are the non-drug methods of pain relief. therefore, this research aimed to compare the vaccination-related pain in infants who underwent massage therapy or breast feeding during injection. mater...

introduction:there is considerable amount of controversy about the long term effects of multiparity and duration of breast-feeding on maternal bone mineral density after menopause. this study was conducted to determine whether multiple pregnancy and prolonged duration of breast-feeding are independent predictors of low bone mass in post-menopausal kurdish women. methods: in a retrospective stud...

Objective: The present study aimed at examining the effect of multidimensional motivation interventions based on Martin's model on cognitive and behavioral components of motivation. Method: The research design was prospective with pretest, posttest, and follow-up, and 2 experimental groups. In this study, 90 students (45 participants in the experimental group and 45 in the control group) consti...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine beliefs concerning breast self-examination in first- and second-degree relatives of patients with breast cancer and evaluate their breast self-examination (BSE) application. MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey study was conducted in an oncology polyclinic and general surgery clinic of a hospital in Ankara, the capital of Turkey with a sample of 140...

introduction: breastfeeding self-efficacy show self-confidence and the ability of mothers to perform breastfeeding and maternal health literacy, ability of women to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain their health and their children. aim: this study was measuring associations between self-efficacy breastfeeding and maternal health literacy. methods:...

background & aim: many parents do not believe in their ability to fulfill their parental responsibilities. parental self-efficacy is crucial to parents’ sense of well-being and is considered a predictor for quality of life. however, evidence is scarce on the factors that influence parents’ perception of efficacy. therefore, this study aimed to investigate the predictors for parental self-effica...