A new method is developed for the determination of acrylamide in starch-based foods. The method included the extraction of acrylamide with water, defatting with hexane, derivatization with potassium bromate (KBrO(3)) and potassium bromide (KBr), liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate-hexane (4:1), and concentration. The final analyte (2-bromopropenamide, 2-BPA) is analyzed by high-performa...

Two rapid assay procedures based on visible spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been developed for the determination of amlodipine besylate (ADB) in pharmaceutical formulations. Spectrophotometric method is based on the bromination of ADB with a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture in acid medium followed by the determination of surplus bromine by reactin...

To evaluate the applicability of disability adjusted life-years (DALYs) as a measure to compare positive and negative health effects of drinking water disinfection, we conducted a case study involving a hypothetical drinking water supply from surface water. This drinking water supply is typical in The Netherlands. We compared the reduction of the risk of infection with Cryptosporidium parvum by...

UNLABELLED Regions of acute and chronic hypoxia exist within solid tumors and can lead to increased rates of mutagenesis and/or altered DNA damage and repair protein expression. Base excision repair (BER) is responsible for resolving small, non-helix-distorting lesions from the genome that potentially cause mutations by mispairing or promoting DNA breaks during replication. Germline and somatic...

Strain GR-1 is one of several recently isolated bacterial species that are able to respire by using chlorate or perchlorate as the terminal electron acceptor. The organism performs a complete reduction of chlorate or perchlorate to chloride and oxygen, with the intermediate formation of chlorite. This study describes the purification and characterization of the key enzyme of the reductive pathw...

Sodium bromate is a strong oxidant used as a neutralizing solution in hair permanents, as well as an auxiliary agent in printing and dyeing. Accidental or deliberate ingestion of bromate solution has rarely been reported in Korea. The clinical manifestations of bromate intoxication are vomiting, diarrhea, central nervous system symptoms, oliguric or non-oliguric acute kidney injury, hemolytic a...

This study tested the hypothesis that bromate (KBrO3)-induced renal cell death is mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Global DNA methylation, as assessed by 5-methylcytosine staining, was not changed in normal rat kidney cells treated with acute cytotoxic doses of KBrO3 (100 and 200 ppm), as compared with controls. However, KBrO3 treatment did increase p38, p53 and histone 2AX (H2AX) phosphoryla...

Bromate (BrO(3)(-)) in drinking water is traditionally seen as an ozonation byproduct from the oxidation of bromide (Br(-)), and its formation during chlorination is usually not significant. This study shows enhanced bromate formation during chlorination of bromide-containing waters in the presence of cupric oxide (CuO). CuO was effective to catalyze hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or hypobromous acid...

To assess the risk of colorectal cancer in humans with inactivation of NRF2, Nrf2-proficient (Nrf2(+/+) ) and -deficient (Nrf2(-/-) ) mice were exposed to potassium bromate (KBrO3 ) at concentrations of 750 or 1500 ppm for 52 weeks. Neoplastic proliferative lesions were observed in the small intestine and exhibited accumulations of β-catenin and cyclin D1. The lesions had characteristics simila...

Male F344 rats were exposed to potassium bromate (KBrO₃) in drinking water at concentrations of 0, 5, 20, 100, 200, or 400 mg/L for 2 or 13 weeks. Endpoints evaluated included clinical observations, body weights, serum chemistry, gross pathology, organ weights, and select tissue histopathology (kidney, lung, liver, thyroid, and tunica vaginalis). Weekly body weight and water consumption means w...