BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infants is characterized by a massive neutrophilic infiltrate into the airways. Chemokines direct migration of leukocytes and contribute to the pathogenesis of RSV disease. However, little is known about pulmonary chemokine responses to RSV in humans. Our aim was to characterize the production of chemokines in the lungs of infants wi...

BACKGROUND Secondary thrombocytosis is associated with a variety of clinical conditions, one of which is lower respiratory tract infection. However, reports on thrombocytosis induced by viral infections are scarce. OBJECTIVES To assess the rate of thrombocytosis (platelet count > 500 x 10(9)/L) in hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis and to investigate its potential role as an early marker...

BACKGROUND Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) is a worldwide health problem and it is considered a risk factor for pregnant women's and children's health, particularly for respiratory morbidity during the first year of life. Few significant birth cohort studies on the effect of prenatal TSE via passive and active maternal smoking on the development of severe bronchiolitis in early childhood have been...

OBJECTIVES Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is a significant postallogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant problem. Recent data in lung transplant patients suggest an association with gastroesophageal reflux disease and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. We studied posthematopoietic stem cell transplant patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome for gastroesophageal reflux disease and...

BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of bronchiolitis. Precise and updated information about demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, risk factors for severe disease are needed optimal implementation upcoming new therapeutic preventive interventions.ObjectivesThe main goals this study were to define epidemiology acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized ...

* Study carried out at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul) Porto Alegre, Brazil. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology Sector, of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul) Hospital São Lucas Porto Alegre, Brazil 2. Pathology...

Viral bronchiolitis affects 20%-30% of infants; because there is no known effective treatment, it is important to identify risk factors that contribute to its pathogenesis. Although adequate folate intake during the periconceptional period prevents neural tube defects, animal data suggest that higher supplementation may be a risk factor for child respiratory diseases. Using a population-based r...

OBJECTS The prevalence of asthma has increased in recent decades globally. The objective of the present study is to elucidate whether hospitalization for bronchiolitis in infancy and low socioeconomic status interact for bronchial hyperreactivity during teenage years. METHOD We studied 522 children age 13-14 years attending schools in rural and urban areas to investigate the risk factors for ...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of acute bronchiolitis in young children, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of paediatric asthma. The present studies were designed to develop a model of acute RSV bronchiolitis in young guinea-pigs, that could be used to study the mechanisms of the acute bronchiolitis and its sequelae. Anaesthetized, one month old guinea-pigs re...

OBJECTIVES To determine the viruses and risk factors associated with hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in infants with acute bronchiolitis. INTRODUCTION Bronchiolitis is a major cause of morbidity in infants. Widespread use of molecular-based methods has yielded new insights about its etiology, but the impact of viral etiologies on early outcomes is still unclear. METHODS Se...