Lung carcinoid (LC) tumors are uncommon neuroendocrine epithelial neoplasms that account for less than 1% of all lung cancers. They divided into two subcategories: typical carcinoids and atypical carcinoids. About 80% LC occurs centrally. Patients with treated surgical resection even though several authors promoting the role bronchoscopic procedures as avant-garde. Because this discussion we un...

BACKGROUND Bronchoscopy with transbronchial and endobronchial biopsy and transbronchial needle aspiration is an important diagnostic tool in the pulmonologist's armamentarium. Safety in patients with pulmonary hypertension is controversial and many bronchoscopists consider this as a contraindication for the procedure. OBJECTIVES To evaluate safety of bronchoscopy in patients with echocardiogr...

Abstract Background Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) with valves excludes one whole lobe while surgery (LVRS) allows tailored treatment by resection of only heterogeneous, hardly perfused target areas. Aims We hypothesize that (bilateral) LVRS, more areas low attenuation (LAA, ≤ - 950 houndsfield units) can be resected precisely, thus generating functional improvement than BLVR. Metho...

BACKGROUND Patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and acute respiratory failure (ARF) from central airway obstruction (CAO) may be offered end-of-life care rather than intensive care treatment and palliative bronchoscopic intervention. OBJECTIVES To determine whether bronchoscopic intervention could be immediately successful in restoring airway patency and obviate the need ...

Paediatric fibreoptic bronchoscopy is used for ever wider indications, and increasingly used in many contexts, including paediatric and neonatal intensive care. The report of this Task Force contains an overview on the current applications of paediatric bronchoscopy. The report discusses the facilities and equipment needed for the procedure, including the newly developed bronchoscopes which are...

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a diagnostic procedure used for re covering cellular and non-cellular components of the epithelial lining fl uid of the alveolar and bronchial airspaces. Non-bronchoscopic BAL involves the insertion of simple catheters or balloon-type devices through an endotracheal tube, while bronchoscopic BAL involves the instillation and immediate withdrawal of pre-warmed ste...