OBJECTIVES To assess the salivary flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity of healthy volunteers, and their relationships with age, gender, obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, and to establish the lower-end value of normal salivary flow (oligosialia). METHODS A prospective study was conducted in 159 healthy volunteers (age > 18 years, absence of medical conditions that could decrease salivar...

By first-principles calculations, the singly dispersed bimetallic site, Pd 1 Co 4 /CoO x SCC, is proposed to exhibit superior charge buffer capacity towards thermal dinitrogen hydrogenation based on a superimposed evaluation strategy.

The Southern Ocean is a key region for global carbon uptake and is characterized by a strong seasonality with the annual CO2 uptake being mediated by biological carbon drawdown in summer. Here we show that the contribution of biology to CO2 uptake will become even more important until 2100. This is the case even if biological production remains unaltered and can be explained by the decreasing b...

To analyze the effect of two mouthwashes on salivary pH and correlate it with age, buffer capacity and saliva flow rate in healthy volunteers, a crossover phase IV clinical study involving three age-based groups was designed. Two commercial mouthwashes (MW), Cool Mint ListerineR (MWa) and Periobacter R (MWb) were used. The unstimulated saliva of each individual was first characterized by measur...

Bandwidth allocation is a very important issue in ATM networks, especially when there are random fluctuating demands for service and variations in the service rates. In order to make ATM reliable, ATM is designed to support not only a wide range of traffic classes with diverse flow characteristics but also to guarantee the different Quality of Service (QoS) requirement as well. The QoS may be m...