Both proteins and RNAs can misfold into non-functional conformations. Protein chaperones promote native folding of nascent polypeptides and refolding of misfolded species, thereby buffering mutations that compromise protein structure and function. Here, we show that RNA chaperones can also act as mutation buffers that enhance organismal fitness. Using competition assays, we demonstrate that ove...

Interactive audio–video applications over IP networks have subjective tradeoffs between fidelity and latency owing to packet buffering at the receiver. Increasing the buffering time improves the fidelity, whereas it degrades the latency. This paper makes the subjective tradeoff between fidelity and latency clear in a quantitative way. In addition, we examine the effect of tasks on the subjectiv...

Comparing two digital elevation models (DEMs), S1 (reference) and S2 (product), in order to get the quality, has usually been performed on sampled points. However, it seems more natural, as we propose, comparing both DEMs using 2.5D surfaces: applying a buffer (single method, SBM) or (double DBM). The SBM DBM approaches have used lines accuracy assessment and, this paper, generalize them DEM su...