London's Science Museum has this summer launched the most ambitious project in its 140-year history with a new £50 million extension featuring a key exhibition on life science. With funds from the country's national lottery and the medical research charity, the Wellcome Trust, the museum has built a new Wellcome wing to add to its unique 250-year-old collection of technology. The new wing aims ...

Cooktop burners are widely used nowadays. In cooktop burner design, nozzle efficiency and greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions mainly depend on heat transfer from the premixed flame to the impinging surface. This is a complicated issue depending on the individual and combined effects of various input combustion variables. Optimal operating conditions for sustainable burner design were rarely addressed...

this study, combustion in a 5kW porous burner is simulated. The two dimensional Navier-Stokes, the energy and the chemical species transport equations are solved and a multistep kinetics mechanism (5 reactions and 7 species) is employed. Finite volume method is used for simulation. Thermal nonequilibrium is accounted for gas and solid temperature and radiation heat transfer is considered for so...

An injection method has been adapted for the determination of copper concentration in untreated, undiluted serum by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Serum, 50 or 100 microliter, is automatically injected by a commercial microprobe system into a plastic cone connected to the capillary tube of the burner, at a rate of 240 samples per hour. The required sample volume is considerably decreased...

Copper and zinc are readily determined in biological material by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Two procedures are presented for the quantitative estimation of these metals in serum. One of these involves simple dilution and aspiration into the burner of the instrument. Suitably prepared standards must be used. The other method involves trichloroacetic acid preparation of the proteins pri...

Knowledge of the chemical structure of young soot and its precursors is very useful in the understanding of the paths leading to soot particle inception. This paper presents analyses of the chemical functional groups, based on FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy of the products obtained in an ethylene inverse diffusion flame. The trends in the data indicate that the soluble fraction of the soot becom...

A systematic experimental study was performed to elucidate the conditions for which cellular patterns of diluted hydrogen diffusion flames near extinction were observed. The formation of cellular instabilities was studied for several burners: jet burners (axisymmetric jet and two-dimensional jet) and a novel one-dimensional burner. The fuel and oxidizer Lewis numbers and the initial mixture str...

As prelude to the quantitative study of aluminum distributed combustion, the current work has characterized the acoustic growth, frequency, and temperature of a Rijke burner as a function of mass flow rate, gas composition, and geometry. By varying the exhaust temperature profile, the acoustic growth rate can be as much as tripled from the baseline value of approximately 120 s-1• At baseline, t...

Edge flames were investigated in a methane/O2/N2 counterflow diffusion flame burner. In a typical experiment, a stable counterflow diffusion flame in an axysymmetric configuration was perturbed by lowering the relevant Damköhler number slightly below the extinction value, Daext. As a result, the flame extinguished in the vicinity of the burner axis where conditions were uniform. An edge flame e...