We report exceptional preservation of fossil wood buried deeply in a kimberlite pipe that intruded northwestern Canada's Slave Province 53.3±0.6 million years ago (Ma), revealed during excavation of diamond source rock. The wood originated from forest surrounding the eruption zone and collapsed into the diatreme before resettling in volcaniclastic kimberlite to depths >300 m, where it was mummi...

In this paper, a stochastic finite element method (SFEM) is employed to investigate the probability of failure of cementitious buried sewer pipes subjected to combined effect of corrosion and stresses. A non-linear time-dependant model is used to determine the extent of concrete corrosion. Using the SFEM, the effects of different random variables, including loads, pipe material, and corrosion o...

Pipelines are pressure vessels. Their enviable safety record compares weil with other transportation modes. Typical pipeline fatality rates are about 1% those of rail or air which are, in turn, about 1% of highway fatalities. Pipeline safety is first assured by rigorous inspection during pipe manufacture and line construction. All welds are inspected using radiography to detect voids and ultras...

The frequency range of the leak noise in buried water pipes, measured using acoustic correlators, depends significantly on type pipe and its location as well sensors used. Having a rough idea this can be beneficial for operators prior to conducting tests; however, there is currently no method predicting it except through practical experience, model-based approach yet exists. This issue addresse...

Computer modelling and numerical FEM analysis of buried preloaded (prestressed) piping of a compressor station is shortly discussed in the present paper. The aim of the preloading is to reduce the stress intensity at the critical point of the piping. The necessary preloading force was computed as a non-linear function of the effects of bearing and friction at the pipe/soil interface. The real m...

Describes a fuzzy logic model intended for quantitative risk analysis to the integrity of buried pipelines. The proposed approach correlates data from combined CIPS+DCVG coating surveys to the soil resistivity, in order to define an indicator that expresses the corrosion susceptibility at a given coating defect location. Inputs used in the mathematical model include: DCVG defect severity, CIPS ...

This paper presents an experimental and numerical analysis of the uplift resistance pipelines buried in reinforced soil. The behavior system is studied using a set laboratory experiments. pull-out forces some reinforcing are most important factors affecting resistance. Buried elements such as that have high pressure fluids or under temperature need to be order increase their One efficient metho...