How are calcium levels increased within cells? Increases in intracellular calcium arise through either calcium influx across the plasma membrane or release from intracellular calcium stores, which is usually either the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or, in muscle, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Release of calcium from the ER/SR is activated by a variety of second messengers, such as inositol 1,4,...

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. Bones and teeth contain approx. 99% of calcium. Calcium exists in both plant and animal foods. The best source of calcium is milk. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) recommends 600-800 mg/day of calcium which increases to 1200 mg/day in pregnant and lactating mothers. Inadequate calcium intake for longer duration is responsible for osteop...

Calcium dichloride tetra urea was prepared by the reaction of calcium chloride with urea in aqueous solution. The crystals are monoclinic, a= 7.633, b= 12.45 1, c= 8.118 ?,? = 113.17, Z = 4, space group P 2,/a. The crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray methods and refined to R= 0.041. The calcium atoms are coordinated to four oxygen atoms of urea and to two chloride ions....

the whole plant of biophytum petersianum was extracted with a mixture of water – alcohol (1:1) to evaluate its relaxant effect on aorta rings. in isolated wistar rat tissue, the hydro-ethanolic extract (0.1; 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml) non-competitively antagonized calcium chloride and high-k + - induced aorta contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. moreover, the inhibition of noradrenaline–i...

objective(s): the rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4) is responsible for the increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration through a phospholipase c-dependent and phospholipase c-independent pathways in infected cells. it is shown that increasing of intracellular calcium concentration in rotavirus infected cells is associated with the activation of some members of protein kinases family su...

The action of ruthenium red (RR) on Ca" loading by and Ca" release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of chemically skinned skeletal muscle fibers of the rabbit was investigated . Ca" loading, in the presence of the precipitating anion pyrophosphate, was monitored by a light-scattering method . Ca" release was indirectly measured by following tension development evoked by caffeine . Stimulati...

the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of peganum harmala seeds (eps) on spontaneous rhythmic contractions of isolated rat uterine was investigated in this study. eps was tested on the isolated uterus and endometrium free (i.e. stripped myometrium) preparations. eps was found to exhibit significant spontaneous contractions of the uterus and stripped myometrium relative to the solvent control. af...

in this study, we aimed to investigate the peripheral antinociception effects of specificphosphodiesterase 5 (pde-5) inhibitor vardenafil on carrageenan-induced nociception in rats,and the role of calcium besides the l-arginine- nitric oxide (no)- cyclic guanosine monophophate(cgmp) pathway in these effects. hyperalgesia was induced by the intraplantar injection of 0.1ml fresh carrageenan solut...