the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of weaning age on dry matter intake (dmi), average daily gain (adg), feed efficiency (fe), feed cost (fc) and benefit index (bi) of holstein calves reared under organic farming system. thirty two holstein calves were divided into two treatments: early weaning (ew) vs. late weaning (lw). calves in the both groups were provided with whole mi...

BACKGROUND A study of herd-level risk factors for calf mortality in large Swedish dairy herds showed low serum concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene in 1-7 day old calves to be more common in high mortality herds. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if calf mortality risk at herd level is associated with concentrations of α-tocopherol and/or β-carotene at individual level in feed, colost...

Population estimates for muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) (age > 1 year) on Banks Island increased from 29 168 (SE 2104) in 1985 to a peak of 64 608 (SE 2009) in 1994 and then declined to 45 833 (SE 1938) in 1998. From 1986 to 1999, annual sex and age classification surveys of muskoxen were conducted during summer. We estimated calf production (number of calves per 100 females aged 2 years or more),...

In 2002 the Board of Game authorized Alaska’s first permit hunts specifically for calf moose (Alces alces). We promoted these calf hunts to help stabilize a high-density, food-stressed moose population and to compensate for declining harvests of bulls. Low harvest rates of cows (= 1% of the prehunt cow population, 1996–2001) were tightly controlled by the public. High harvest rates of bulls (21...

borrelia microtti and borrelia persica are two iranian strains of spirochetes whose vectors are ornithodorous tholozani and ornithodorous erraticus which are responsible for relapsing fever. bsk medium has been used for in vitro culture of other strains of borrelia, although the two mentioned strains could not be successfully cultured in it. we have modified bsk medium by using guinea pig and f...

To examine the dissemination of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) within cattle groups, dairy calves on two farms utilizing different calf-rearing practices were exposed to a traceable STEC strain. Test strain dissemination differed significantly between farms, with a higher prevalence being associated with group penning. Pen floors and calf hides may be the main environmental mechanisms ...

Background In beef cows, milk production is the most important factor affecting calf growth. Thus, factors that limit production has negative effects on calf weaning weight. Mastitis is a disease, which reduces milk production and is often associated with bacterial intra-mammary infection (IMI). Studies from UK and USA indicate that subclinical mastitis and/or IMI significantly affects calf wea...

A 50-year-old man with hypertension presents with a 2-day history of right calf swelling and pain. Venous duplex ultrasound reveals a right soleal vein thrombosis. He denies history of bleeding, renal disease, and symptoms suggestive of pulmonary embolism (PE). Physical examination is unrevealing except for calf tenderness, redness, warmth, and swelling. He is ambulatory. A decision is made to ...

The term polymerase has been applied to the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate-polymerizing enzyme isolated from Escherichia coli (1). Enzymes with similar activity have been purified from regenerating rat liver (2) and calf thymus gland (3). An ample and varied supply of such polymerases is desirable for studies on the mechanism of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. The present work describes a pa...