1  Abstract—Light sensors are increasingly used to monitor vegetation growing status by measuring reflectance or transmittance in multispectral or photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) bands. The measurements are then used to estimate vegetation indices or the fraction of absorbed PAR (FPAR) in a continuous and long-term manner, and to serve as inputs to environmental monitoring and calibr...

This paper describes results from a detailed field spectral measurement campaign, designed to assess the temporal stability of calibration surface reflectance factors (ρλ). The results have wider implications for those using field measurements of reflectance in stand-alone studies, or in a calibration/validation context. A dual-field-of-view VNIR spectroradiometer system measured temporal chang...

The absolute radiometric calibration of a satellite sensor is the critical factor that ensures the usefulness of the acquired data for quantitative applications on remote sensing. This work presents the results of the first cross-calibration of the sensor on board the Sistema Satelital de Observación de la Tierra (SSOT) Chilean satellite or Air Force Satellite FASat-C. RapidEye-MSI was chosen a...

in a strapdown magnetic compass, heading angle is estimated using the earth's magnetic field measured by three-axis magnetometers (tam). however, due to several inevitable errors in the magnetic system, such as sensitivity errors, non-orthogonal and misalignment errors, hard iron and soft iron errors, measurement noises and local magnetic fields, there are large error between the magnetometers'...

Magnetometers are widely used for LEO small satellites attitude determination and control system. In order to estimate satellite dynamics and control attitude accurately, scale factor and bias of magnetometer must be estimated. In this study a linear Kalman filter (LKF) based algorithm for the estimation of magnetometer biases and scale factors is proposed. Proposed algorithms are simulated thr...

the application of a flight simulator with six degree of freedom (6dof)) in design and analysis of rocket systems is essential. the calibration of a 6dof flight simulator is a challenging problem. this paper focuses on the calibration of a flight simulator and intends to answer the following questions: 1) does experimental design have significant impact on calibration quality? if so, which expe...

lead is quantitatively retained on 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-br-padap)-ammonium tetraphenylborate with microcrystalline naphthalene or by a column method in the ph range 4.0-6.0 from a large volume of aqueous solutions of various samples with preconcentration factor of 60. after filtration, the solid mass consisting of the lead complex and naphthalene was dissolved with 5...

Gas chromatographs equipped with flame ionization detectors (GC/FID) are widely used for the quantitative analysis of hydrocarbon compounds. For precise quantitative analysis, it is essential to calibrate the GC/FID system using calibration standards for each analyte. This is both inefficient and cost−prohibitive. The response factor method is also used for calibration of the GC/FID. The respon...

Accurately determining photovoltaic (PV) module performance in the field requires measuring solar irradiance reaching the PV panel at a high level of accuracy and known uncertainty. Silicon detectors used in various solar energy measuring instruments that include reference cells are a potentially attractive choice for multiple reasons, including faster responsivity than thermopile detectors, ch...

Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction / Thermal Lens Microscopy (DLLME/TLM) was developed as a new combination method for preconcentration and determination of Cd. Thermal Lens Microscopy is suitable for the determination of analyte after DLLME because of the low volume of the remained phase after DLLME and increasing of the enhancement factor for the nonpolar organic solvents. Some effe...