The presence of a missed canal in the course of root canal treatment is one of the common reasons for failure of therapy. The consequence of a missed canal will or may lead to chronic infection and post operative flare ups. Hence, it is very important to explore the morphology of the tooth as well its internal anatomy to overcome failure in endodontic practice. Root canal therapy of maxillary t...

The population genetics of aquatic animals in the Florida Everglades may be strongly influenced by extinction and colonization dynamics. We combined analyses of allozyme and microsatellite loci to test the hypothesis that two levels of population structure are present for spotted sunfish (Pisces: Centrarchidae: Lepomis punctatus) inhabiting the Everglades. We hypothesized that annual cycles of ...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To assess the hearing status of trisomy 21 patients by analyzing electrophysiological and radiological findings of any correlation between hearing impairment and major or minor inner ear malformations. STUDY DESIGN Prospective radiological and electrophysiological study. METHODS A group of 34 ears of Down syndrome subjects and 20 ears of a volunteer age- and sex-matche...

AIM To describe the shaping of Small Root canals with GT files. SUMMARY Small Roots are lower incisors, two and three canal bicuspids, buccal roots of upper molars, and mesial roots of lower molars. The Shaping Objective instrument for such cases is usually a 0.08 or 0.06 taper GT file. After proper access, pulp tissue should be removed to prevent its compaction and canal blockage. Orifice sh...

AIM To two- and three-dimensionally assess the fit of the first K-file binding at working length after a crown-down canal procedure. METHODOLOGY Twelve maxillary molars with fully developed roots and four separate root canals were selected. Canals were pre-flared using ProFile 0.04 instruments to three quarters of estimated working length (WL). WL was electronically determined using an ISO 06...

objective: root canal obturation is an important step in endodontic therapy aiming at achieving a complete three-dimensional seal of the canal and preventing microleakage, reentry or growth of microorganisms in the root canal system. several techniques and materials are available for root canal filling. achieving an apical seal is among the most important characteristics of filling materials. t...

BACKGROUND Root canal preparation using rotary nickel-titanium instruments has been reported to be superior to hand instrumentation in terms of root canal shape, centring and frequency of procedural errors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate canal preparations using a sequential silicone impression technique to assess root canal morphology. METHODS Pre-operative canal impressions were ...

AIM To analyse the occurrence of canal isthmuses in molars following root-end resection. METHODOLOGY The material consisted of 56 mandibular and 32 maxillary first molars subjected to periradicular surgery. Based on radiographic, clinical, as well as intraoperative status, only roots with associated pathological lesions were treated. In total, 124 roots were resected (80 mandibular and 44 max...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the hearing outcomes between canal wall up mastoidectmy (CWUM) and canal wall down mastoidectmy (CWDM). METHODS One hundred seventy one chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. The patients who underwent the second staged ossiculoplasty at least 6 months after mastoidectomy and who had an intact...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this in vitro study was to introduce a new method to describe root canal curvatures and to assess the degree of curvature of human permanent mandibular teeth with curved root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and thirty five mesial root canals of mandibular first and second molar teeth were selected. Access cavities were prepared. After inserting a K-file s...