Results from two nested-grid large-eddy simulations comparing cases with and without a plant canopy are presented. Through comparisons of numerically generated mean and turbulence statistics, the in uence of a plant canopy with a leaf area index of two is shown to modify the air  ow compared with an identical case without plants. Investigations of instantaneous Ž elds and spatial spectra show...

Regression models for above-ground and below-ground biomass were estimated for 143 sample plots in young and mature coniferous forest. Various canopy height and canopy density metrics derived from the canopy height distributions of first as well as last pulse laser scanner data with a sampling density of approximately 1.1 m were used as independent variables in the regressions. Each of the sele...

Trees play a crucial role in the water, carbon and nitrogen cycle on local, regional and global scales. Understanding the exchange of momentum, heat, water, and CO 2 between trees and the atmosphere is important to assess the impact of drought, deforestation and climate change. Unfortunately, ground measurements of tree properties such as mass and canopy interception of precipitation are often ...

BACKGROUND Seeds adjust their germination based on conditions experienced before and after dispersal. Post-dispersal cues are expected to be more accurate predictors of offspring environments, and thus offspring success, than pre-dispersal cues. Therefore, germination responses to conditions experienced during seed maturation may be expected to be superseded by responses to conditions experienc...

A major challenge confronting the scientific community is to understand both patterns of and controls over spatial and temporal variability of carbon exchange between boreal forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. An understanding of the sources of variability of carbon processes at fine scales and how these contribute to uncertainties in estimating carbon fluxes is relevant to representing these...

Several aspects of canopy flow are investigated. The problem of steady flow in a horizontally infinite canopy under neutral thermal stratification is treated theoretically. The resulting analytical model is then used as a boundary condition for a nonlinear numerical model designed t o study transition regions near the leading and trailing edges of a canopy. This model shows a wave effect downst...

This paper present how the light transfer and interception inside the canopy was computed by combining a tomato dynamic growth model. The tomato functional structural growth model was applied to produce the topology and geometry of individual plant, and through transformation, the canopy could be composed of multi-individual plants. In this simulation system, a radioactive transfer model named ...

A two-stream description of the interaction of radiation with vegetation and soil is tested with experimental data for a corn canopy. The results indicate that the two parameters of the theory (reflectance of a dense canopy and the attenuation coe~cient for radiation in the canopy) can be estimated for the Thematic Mapper spectral bands. A collection of soil reflectance data is used to develop ...

We compared fruiting data derived simultaneously from fruit traps placed on the ground and from canopy-surveyed plots in a terra firme rain forest, Colombian Amazonia. Values derived from the canopy-surveyed plots were higher than fruit-trap estimates. Fruiting patterns obtained throughout both methods were not correlated. Our results showed that the fruit-trap method does not accurately reflec...

Representation of the canopy hydrological processes has been challenging in land surface modeling due to the subgrid heterogeneity in both precipitation and surface characteristics. The Shuttleworth dynamic– statistical method is widely used to represent the impact of the precipitation subgrid variability on canopy hydrological processes but shows unwanted sensitivity to temporal resolution whe...