Bedford et al 1 have recently added to the strong existing evidence that a substantial part of the pedestrian accident problem arises from intoxicated pedestrians. We have recently reviewed 2 this, and would like to add three points. The first is that among pedestrian fatalities having a positive BAC (blood alcohol concentration), a high proportion have a very high BAC indeed (over, say, .150)....

OBJECTIVE Concern about excessive alcohol consumption by college students has been raised by surveys indicating that more than 40% of students are "heavy" drinkers. This definition is based on students' reports of consuming five or more drinks (four or more for women) on an occasion sometime during the past 2 weeks. The present survey examines the degree to which this 2-week 5+/4+ drink criteri...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether low blood alcohol concentration (BAC) laws among younger drivers reduce motor vehicle injuries. SEARCH STRATEGIES We used Cochrane Collaboration search strategies of electronic databases, reference lists of past studies and reviews, governmental agency publications, and direct contacts with experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies were...

1. Some features of the osmoregulatory mechanism are compared in four populations of Paranephrops zeal andicus White collected form freshwaters of different ionic concentrations. 2. Crayfish from freshwaters of ca, 2-0 mM-NaCl concentration show a sustained decrease in blood concentration of ca. 8% when placed in 0-2 mM-NaCl. 3. Populations from freshwaters of ca. 0-2-0-4 mM-NaCl show lower rat...

Carotenoid (CARs: beta-carotene BC and/or canthaxanthin CX) supplementation have been shown to be chemopreventive in animals, since 1980, against direct or indirect chemical carcinogenesis/photo-carcinogenesis of the skin, breast, stomach, salivary glands, colon-rectum, urinary bladder, and against transplanted tumors. This action could be either independent of or dependent on pro-vitamin A act...

By 1998 all states had passed laws lowering the legal blood alcohol content for drivers under 21 to effectively zero. Theory shows these laws have ambiguous effects on overall fatalities and economic efficiency, and the data show they have little effect on driver behavior. A panel analysis of the 1988-2000 FARS indicates that zero tolerance laws have no material influence on the level of fatali...

Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of zero tolerance (ZT) laws that make it illegal for drivers younger than 21 years to have any measurable alcohol in their bodies when operating a vehicle. All 50 states in the United States now have such laws. However, there is some question as to the extent they are being enforced. Because it has a centralized file of all breath tests perfor...