BACKGROUND To determine whether specific angiotensin II receptor blockade with losartan offers safety and efficacy advantages in the treatment of heart failure over angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibition with captopril, the ELITE study compared losartan with captopril in older heart-failure patients. METHODS We randomly assigned 722 ACE inhibitor naive patients (aged 65 years or more)...

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) demonstrate elevated blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance compared with age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). We investigated concurrent effects of captopril on blood pressure, cardiac mass, myocardial enzyme activities, glucose tolerance, and insulin action in young male SHR. At 10 weeks of age, SHR were randomize...

The aim of the present study was to compare the antihypertrophic effects of blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), vasopeptidase inhibition and calcium channel antagonism on cardiac and vascular hypertrophy in diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were treated with one of the following therapies for 32 weeks: the angiotensin-converting...

BACKGROUND Few data exist regarding the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with regurgitant valvular lesions. We postulated an immediate improvement in cardiac performance with captopril in mitral regurgitation, which, in a hemodynamically compensated group of patients, might be mediated through parasympathetic vasodilation rather than through blockade of angiotensi...

Long-term administration of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril in survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) reduces the risk of cardiovascular death, recurrence of MI, and unstable angina, suggesting that captopril may possess antithrombotic properties that have not been clearly elucidated. We assessed the short-term antithrombotic effects of captopril on platelet aggregation, ...

The effects of captopril and angiotensin II on adrenergic neurotransmission have been studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). In a pithed rat preparation, vasoconstrictor responses evoked by spinal stimulation were greater in SHR than WKY (p less than 0.01). Captopril reduced responses to electrical stimulation and this reduction was greater in the SHR (p l...

the purpose of this investigation was to assess the effect of captopril on both systemic (p.a) and pulmonary arterial pressures (ppa) in patients with high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (haph). seventeen patients (mean age 44±6.8 years) with haph and mild to moderate systemic arterial hypertension were included in the study. all patients underwent right heart catheterization with measurements...

BACKGROUND Administration of medications to pediatric patients is challenging because many drugs are not commercially available in appropriate dosage formulations and/or strengths. Consequently, these drugs are prepared extemporaneously as oral liquid (OL) formulations using marketed tablets or capsules. In many cases, the stability of these extemporaneous preparations, which may affect their t...

In the second experiment as reported in the previous chapter, an anti cataract activity of Captopril against oxidant stress induced cataract was investigated attributed to its antioxidant properties. The antioxidant property of Captopril is greatly influenced by the presence of thiol group in its structure which helps to interact with lens specific enzymes and proteins as well. After absorption...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether angiotensin II provokes ventricular tachyarrhythmias and to clarify its mechanism using the cesium-induced arrhythmia model, which has been widely used as an afterdepolarization and triggered activity model. METHODS Eighteen adult mongrel dogs of either sex weighing 9.6-23.0 kg were studied. The dogs were randomly divided into thr...