Background: Car crash simulations need a lot of computation time. Model reduction can be applied in order to gain time-savings. Due to the highly nonlinear nature of a crash, an automatic separation in parts behaving linearly and nonlinearly is valuable for the subsequent model reduction. Methods: We analyze existing preprocessing and clustering methods like k-means and spectral clustering for ...

The networking of active and passive safety (APIA) is the fundamental basis for comprehensive vehicle safety. Situation-relevant information relating to driver reactions, vehicle behaviour and traffic environment are fed into a crash probability calculator, which continually assesses the current crash risk and intervenes when necessary with appropriate measures to avoid a crash and reduce poten...

At a crash scene, EMS providers must not only determine the severity of injury and initiate medical management, but also identify the most appropriate transport destination facility through a process called “field triage.” Proper decision making has a very significant impact on the outcome of injured subjects. Step III of the Field Triage Decision Scheme addresses mechanisms of injury and previ...

In 2012 the United States Congress issued a directive to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to modernize its nationally-representative crash databases and examine the data collected in those programs. In response, NHTSA initiated the Data Modernization Project to affirm its position as the leader in motor vehicle crash data collection and analysis, by collecting quality ...

The ability to predict impairment outcomes in large databases using a simplified technique allows researchers to focus attention on preventing costly impairing injuries. The dilemma that exists for researchers is to determine which method is the most reliable and valid. This study examines available methods to predict impairment and explores the differences between the IIS and pFCI applied to r...

Per vehicle crash involvement rates were compared for otherwise identical vehicle models with and without electronic stability control (ESC) systems. ESC was found to affect single-vehicle crashes to a greater extent than multiple-vehicle crashes, and crashes with fatal injuries to a greater extent than less severe crashes. Based on all police-reported crashes in 7 states over 2 years, ESC redu...

OBJECTIVE To address the predictability of injury from air bag activation by use of crash simulation software. METHODS Using current, validated crash simulation software, the effect of air bag activation on injury risk was assessed for the 6-year-old child, both restrained and unrestrained. Results were compared with those for adult occupants in similar crash scenarios. RESULTS For the unre...

While roundabouts are still fairly new in the U.S. and Wisconsin, their safety benefits have been studied with varied results. For this study, researchers analyzed 24 Wisconsin roundabouts that were built in 2007 or before. Three years of before and after crash data were gathered as well as geometric and volume data. An Empirical Bayes (EB) analysis was used to examine the safety benefits for t...

The prehospital management of serious injury is a key skill required of pitch-side medical staff. Previously, specific training in sports prehospital-immediate care was lacking or not of a comparable standard to other aspects of emergency care. Many principles have been drawn from general prehospital care or in-hospital training courses. This article discusses sports prehospital-immediate care ...