Xylitol is a polyalcohol which is a regular intermediary product of the carbohydrate metabolism.1 Although there have been many reports on the effects of xylitol on the carbohydrate metabolism in animals and human beings,2,3 there have been few published data on the metabolic changes induced by the adminis tration of xylitol in acute and subacute liver injury. Accordingly, studies were undertak...

MacGee and Doudoroff (2) have gained evidence in support of the postulated scheme by recovering the product of Reaction 1 as a crystalline trisodium salt and establishing its structure as Na3-2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate+2Hz0. Extracts of Pseudomonas Jluorescens catalyze the cleavage of 6-PG to pyruvate and triose phosphate at a rate 10 times faster than the rate of 6-PG dehydrogenase acti...

In recent years considerable attention has been paid to the elucidation of pathways of carbohydrate breakdown differing from that of the well-known Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) scheme. Although it is recognized that the stepwise oxidation of glucose via gluconate with or without preliminary phosphorylation is an important means by which a number of aerobic bacteria obtain their energy (Barron a...

The persistence of an epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes suggests that new nutritional strategies are needed if the epidemic is to be overcome. A promising nutritional approach suggested by this thematic review is carbohydrate restriction. Recent studies show that, under conditions of carbohydrate restriction, fuel sources shift from glucose and fatty acids to fatty acids and ketones, and ...

Chapter 10. Myopathies affecting fuel and energy metabolism: Selected disorders of carbohydrate metabolism Definitions of entities The breakdown of glucose (from blood) or intracellular glycogen yields pyruvate that can then enter the TCA cycle (via acetyl CoA in aerobic conditions) or be converted to lactate under ischaemic conditions. Failure in any step in glycogenolysis or glycolysis elimin...

The relationship of vitamin Br to carbohydrate metabolism was one of the earliest functions of a vitamin to be observed. The problem has been more or less continuously investigated up to the present time and the majority of the evidence indicates that in vitamin B1 deficiency there is some interference with glycogen storage, hyperglycemia, and characteristic errors in carbohydrate metabolism. E...

This article reviews maternal metabolic strategies for accommodating fetal nutrient requirements in normal pregnancy and in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Pregnancy is characterized by a progressive increase in nutrient-stimulated insulin responses despite an only minor deterioration in glucose tolerance, consistent with progressive insulin resistance. The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic gluc...

1. Central pathways of carbohydrate metabolism 2. Conversion of compounds to intermediates usable in central pathways 3. Mechanisms of energy (ATP) production a. Substrate-level phosphorylation b. Oxidative phosphorylation c. Other mechanisms of energy transfer 4. Metabolic steps involved in the generation and use of reducing activity a. Reduction of pyruvate or other substrates to fermentation...

Patients with cirrhosis of liver are more prone to have accompanying diabetes mellitus. The present study was conducted to investigate various biochemical parameters in patients with hepatic cirrhosis without diabetes. In these patients blood pyruvate, total bilirubin and globulin levels were elevated as compared to normal individuals. In contrast serum albumin level declined significantly wher...