A characterization result for behaviorally de nable classes of hidden algebras shows that a class of hidden algebras is behaviorally de nable by equations if and only if it is closed under coproducts, quotients, morphisms and representative inclusions. The second part of the paper categorically generalizes this result to a framework of any category with coproducts, a nal object and an inclusion...

Stratified sample regressions are used to form predicted differentials across categorically definable population groups when the regression parameters differ across groups. A common application of this technique is to the analysis of labor market differences in wage and benefit outcomes. I discuss bootstrap and first-order analytic approaches to estimating statistical precision for the predicte...

In both music and speech, the perception of different subsets of acoustical features is categorical, and the categorically perceived features are most extensively notated. However, the way in which these features are used to encode different elements of the signals in music and speech is quite different, and in some ways complementary. These simple and general observations may offer some insigh...

We add the notion of time to denotational models of the λcalculus. The denotation is no longer constant through reduction, but rather decreases with respect to an appropriate order. Categorically, we use a monad over a cartesian category, an order over the morphisms of the Kleisli category, and a Galois connection to model β-reduction. We define a generic monad (time as a resource), and an inst...

Hanson and Kiparsky (1996, H&K) lay out a formal grammar for Shakespearean iambic pentameter defined by a small set of parameter settings, framed as constraints. In this paper, I investigate the possibility that different sub-genres of Shakespeare’s writing vary, categorically or on a gradient, in their settings for these parameters. To this end, I adapt the still under development Anttila et a...

A controversial hypothesis within the domain of sensory research is that observers are able to use visual and auditory distance cues to maintain perceptual synchronyVdespite the differential velocities of light and sound. Here we show that observers are categorically unable to utilize such distance cues. Nevertheless, given a period of adaptation to the naturally occurring audiovisual asynchron...

Playlist generation is an important task in music information retrieval. While previous work has treated a playlist collection as an undifferentiated whole, we propose to build playlist models which are tuned to specific categories or dialects of playlists. Toward this end, we develop a general class of flexible and scalable playlist models based upon hypergraph random walks. To evaluate the pr...

Although executive control and automatic behavior have often been considered separate and distinct processes, there is strong emerging and convergent evidence that they may in fact be intricately interlinked. In this review, we draw together evidence showing that visual stimuli cause automatic and unconscious motor activation, and how this in turn has implications for executive control. We disc...

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 147 overweight (BMI$85th percentile for age and sex) youth, aged 8 to,20 years, undertook three tests: 1) a 3-h hyperinsulinemiceuglycemic clamp; 2) a 2-h hyperglycemic clamp; and 3) a 2-h OGTT. Participants were categorically assigned to five groups according to their OGTT 2-h plasma glucose level, ranging from,120 to $200 mg/dL. b-Cell function relative ...