A low cost poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) phase inversion coating was developed as a cathode diffusion layer to enhance the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). A maximum power density of 1430 ± 90 mWm 2 was achieved at a PVDF-HFP loading of 4.4 mg cm 2 (4:1 polymer:carbon black), with activated carbon as the oxygen reduction cathode catalyst. This power dens...

This research adopted the version control system into the model construction for the single chamber aircathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) system, to understand the interrelation of biological, chemical, and electrochemical reactions. The anodic steady state model was used to consider the chemical species diffusion and electric migration influence to the MFC performance. In the cathodic steady st...

The operation and accumulation of liquid water within the cell structure of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with a dead-ended anode is observed using neutron imaging. The measurements are performed on a single cell with 53 square centimeter active area, Nafion 111-IP membrane and carbon cloth Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL). Even though dry hydrogen is supplied to the anode via press...

In this study, the application of neutron powder diffraction on studying the time-resolved structural evolution of a cell comprised with LiNi 0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode and Li4Ti 5O12 anode during charge-discharge cycling is demonstrated. As expected, the lattices of the LiNi0.5Mn 1.5O4 cathode and the Li4Ti5O 12 anode in the cell are found to simultaneously contract during charging and expand during d...

Plasma induced flow field modification is studied experimentally using non-equilibrium DC surface discharge in a Mach 3 supersonic flow. An array of small pin electrodes (φ = 3/32”) is used in streamwise plasma discharge configuration. The schlieren imaging shows that an oblique shock can be obtained with a volumetric glow discharge on the cathode with a relatively low current (as low as 50 mA)...

The behavior of lithium ion diffusion from an electrolyte into a polycrystalline layered cathode has been studied using molecular dynamics computer simulations. Lithium silicate glass was the model solid electrolyte while the cathode was a nanocrystalline vanadia with amorphous V2O5 intergranular films ~IGF! between the crystals. Nanosized V2O5 crystals were aligned with their ~001! planes para...

Experiments have been carried out on the properties of a hollow cathode as an ion-source. The measured electron density, ion and neutral temperatures and drift velocities have been compared with predictions from the conservation laws for matter, momentum and energy. Very large exit drift velocities of ions and neutrals are observed. The magnitude and direction, against the electric field, can b...

We aimed to assess whether modulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC) with noninvasive brain stimulation, namely transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), modifies food craving in healthy subjects. We performed a randomized sham-controlled cross-over study in which 23 subjects received sham and active tDCS (anode left/cathode right and anode right/cathode left) of the DLPFC....

In the present study, the effect of porosity on the cathode microstructure (50:50 wt. % LSM: YSZ) of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) has been examined. A 3-D finite element method for Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Cathodes (MIEC) is presented to study the effects of porosity on cell performance. Each microstructure was realized using the Monte Carlo approach with the isotropic type o...

Electrochemical properties of various rock-shaped-CuO/graphite (G) composites and monoclinic structure CuO nanoparticles as the cathode versus a zinc plate as the anode in a 4M NaOH electrolyte were elucidated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronopotentiometry (CP) in a two electrode configuration cell. Various values of G 9, 16 and 28 wt% were prepared and studied as catho...