Cattle ticks are responsible for great economic losses in cattle farming worldwide, and their main control method, chemicals, has been showing problems, whether resulting from the development of resistant strains of ticks or environmental contamination. Research studies directed toward developing vaccines against ticks are emerging. One way to evaluate those vaccines is to calculate the percent...

BACKGROUND Considering the importance of ticks as a main group transmitting pathogen organisms, this study designed to recognize immunogenic proteins in different tissues of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus tick and to find out if there are common proteins in these tissues. METHODS Seven cattle were experimentally infested with about 10000 R. annulatus larvae and their humoral immune respo...

Individual calves, exposed to infestation for 14 d on dry-land Kikuyu grass pastures on the coast near Alexandria, were slaughtered at approximately monthly intervals over a period of 2 years and examined for ticks. Although seven species were recovered total tick burdens were for the most part low. Changing the acaricide with which other cattle on the farm, but not the survey calves, were trea...

Wildlife are an important component in the vector-host-pathogen triangle of livestock diseases, as they maintain biological vectors that transmit pathogens and can serve as reservoirs for such infectious pathogens. Babesia bovis is a tick-borne pathogen, vectored by cattle fever ticks, Rhipicephalus spp., that can cause up to 90% mortality in naive adult cattle. While cattle are the primary hos...

A sonication method for the homogeneous extraction of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the synganglia of adult ticks is described. The method provides for the extraction of sufficient AChE for multiple assays of enzyme activity in the presence of specific organophosphate (OP) inhibitors for the rapid diagnosis of OP-insensitivity and assignment of homozygous susceptible (SS), heterozygous resis...

Transmission of a Babesia species to susceptible cattle by Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi ticks picked off a sable which died of acute babesiosis is described. The parasite was initially isolated by feeding R. e. evertsi ticks on a susceptible, splenectomised bovine which developed parasitaemia. Blood stabilate from the parasitaemic bovine produced a fatal babesiosis in a spleen--intact bovine. ...

Examples of immunological reactions to arthropod parasites include responses by hosts to the following stimuli: excretory and secretory antigens produced by myiasis-producing larvae or skin-dwelling (mange) mites salivary antigens of blood-sucking arthropods. In many cases, these are hypersensitivity reactions, which often appear not to produce very deleterious effects on the parasites. However...

The efficacy of a flumethrin 1% pour-on (Bayticol, Bayer AH) was evaluated against natural infestations of ticks on cattle on a dairy farm in Ethiopia during 1997/98. The cattle, (n = 92), which were Friesian/ Zebu crosses, were heavily infested with Boophilus decoloratus. Dry cows (n = 8) were randomly selected and allocated either into a treatment or a control group. Flumethrin 1 % pour-on wa...

Information on ticks biting humans in Brazil is very restricted. In fact, many times when human tick-borne diseases are diagnosed, the involved vector tick is not identified, although this may be clinically helpful. Pantanal is one of the world's largest floodplains, has an exuberant wildlife, and is place of extensive cattle ranching, ecotourism, and fishing. We herein report tick species foun...

Ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites of wild and domestic animals as well as humans, considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors of human diseases. Tick-borne diseases are responsible worldwide for great economic losses in terms of mortality and morbidity of livestock animals. This review concerns to the different tick and tick-parasites control methods having a major ...