UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between multiple cardiovascular risk factors (MCRFs) and circulating mononuclear cells (CMCs) in asymptomatic coronary artery disease patients. DESIGN AND METHODS 126 subjects (54 male), aged 48 to 62 years, with asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) documented previously with angiography, and 25 healthy volunteers we...

The microbial environment in early infancy or even in utero may modulate the risk to develop allergic disease. Since Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize microbial products, we hypothesized that maternal allergies may be associated with decreased levels of TLR2, TLR4 and CD14 mRNA in mothers and their offspring. 185 healthy pregnant women from Germany (n = 48), Hungary (n = 50) and Spain (n = 87...

Host recognition and disposal of LPS, an important Gram-negative bacterial signal molecule, may involve intracellular processes. We have therefore analyzed the initial pathways by which LPS, a natural ligand of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored CD14 (CD14-GPI), enters CD14-expressing THP-1 cells and normal human monocytes. Exposure of the cells to hypertonic medium obliterated coated ...

CD14(+) dermal DCs (CD14(+) DDCs) have a natural capacity to activate naïve B-cells. Targeting CD14(+) DDCs is therefore a rational approach for vaccination strategies aimed at improving humoral responses towards poorly immunogenic antigens, for example, HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env). Here, we show that two clinically relevant TLR ligand combinations, Hiltonol plus Resiquimod and Glucopyra...

Monocytic cells exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi, through unknown receptors, overexpress the urokinase receptor (uPAR), a key mediator of the plasminogen activation system. We show that combined blockade of CD14 and TLR2 causes a significant inhibition of B. burgdorferi-induced uPAR in Mono Mac 6 (MM6) cells. Other pattern recognition receptors tested (CD11b/CD18, the mannose receptor, and the N...

AIMS Aim was to elucidate the specific role of pattern recognition receptors in vascular dysfunction during polymicrobial sepsis (colon ascendens stent peritonitis, CASP). METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular contractility of C57BL/6 (wildtype) mice and mice deficient for Toll-like receptor 2/4/9 (TLR2-D, TLR4-D, TLR9-D) or CD14 (CD14-D) was measured 18 h following CASP. mRNA expression of pro- (Tumo...

Background It was found that the expression of mir-29b significantly up-regulated in PBMs, and we tried to clarify TNF- α The production proinflammatory cytokines increased by inducing overexpression CD14 +PBMs patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using TNF-α urapy reverse regulate mir-29b, carry out relevant experiments verify our scientific research hypothesis. Objectives By observing RA ...

Tuberculosis (TB) still remains the leading cause of mortality due to bacterial pathogen. The only currently available vaccine against TB, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is at best credited with a 50% overall protective efficacy. Skin testing with purified protein derivative (PPD) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the method of detecting BCG-induced cell mediated immunity, in vivo. In the previ...

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which include the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are involved in the innate immune response to infection. TLR4 is a model for the TLR family and is the main LPS receptor. We wanted to determine the expression of TLR4 and compare it with that of TLR2 and CD14 along the gastrointestinal mucosa of normal and colitic BALB/c mice. Colitis was induced with 2.5% dext...

BACKGROUND Monocyte-derived macrophages critically perpetuate inflammatory responses after liver injury as a prerequisite for organ fibrosis. Experimental murine models identified an essential role for the CCR2-dependent infiltration of classical Gr1/Ly6C(+) monocytes in hepatic fibrosis. Moreover, the monocyte-related chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5 were recently recognized as important fibr...