BACKGROUND Plant expansins and fungal swollenin that can disrupt crystalline cellulose have great potential for applications in conversion of biomass. Recent studies have been mainly focused on Trichoderma reesei swollenin that show relatively low activity in the promotion of cellulosic hydrolysis. Our aim was to isolate a novel swollenin with greater disruptive activity, to establish an effici...

technology was selected as a key area for biomass technology development in the 1980s, and the US Department of Energy (DOE) has actively supported the scale up of ethanol production since the Office of Alcohol Fuels was created in the DOE after the ‘energy crisis’ of the 1970s. Although biological conversion of cellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals through enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose...

Rapid escalation in biofuels consumption may lead to a trade regime that favors exports of food-based biofuels from tropical developing countries to developed countries. There is growing interest in mitigating the land-use impacts of these potential biofuels exports by converting biorefinery waste streams into cellulosic ethanol, potentially reducing the amount of land needed to meet production...

Light and transmission electron microscopy are used in studying wall morphology and histochemical methods, including immunocytochemistry, can be used to locate specific compounds in walls. All plant cell walls contain a fibrillar phase of cellulose microfibrils and a matrix phase which contains a high proportion of non-cellulosic polysaccharides that vary in their chemical structures, depending...

GUIDELINE RECOMMENDATIONS • We recommend that either synthetic or cellulosic membranes be used for symptomatic intra-dialytic hypotension as synthetic membranes offer no benefit over cellulosic membranes (1C). • We recommend that high-flux membranes be used to remove molecules such as beta-2 microglobulin because they have been shown to achieve lower serum levels (1A). • We suggest there are po...

Banana besides its nutritive value the biomass can be used as resources for natural fibre. North east India and Assam in particular has a vast potential of extraction and value addition of natural fibre, especially from banana. Banana farming generates huge quantities of biomass most of which goes as waste due to non‐availability of suitable technology for its commercial utilization. Banana fib...

Vine shoots are agricultural residues that can be used as a raw material in agro-biorefineries, which their main constituents individually converted into valuable bioproducts. The treatment of vine uncatalyzed media containing water and 1-butanol enabled the single-stage separation major different phases: aqueous phase from treatments contained hemicellulose-derived products (mainly form oligos...

BACKGROUND Enzymatic treatment of lignocellulosic material for increased biogas production has so far focused on pretreatment methods. However, often combinations of enzymes and different physicochemical treatments are necessary to achieve a desired effect. This need for additional energy and chemicals compromises the rationale of using enzymes for low energy treatment to promote biogas product...

In this study, we solely focused on the isolation of nano cellulose from the teak wood by adopting pulping and acid hydrolysis. Top down method is carried out in the extraction of Cellulosic nano fibrils. The removal of non-cellulosic constituents is monitored by FTIR-ATR and UV-Vis DRS Spectroscopic techniques throughout the isolation process. The acidic hydrolysis is applied to extract the na...