Recent evidence suggests a double dissociation of size and spacing limit on letter recognition-it is limited by size in the fovea and critical spacing in the normal periphery. Here, we evaluated whether size or spacing limits letter recognition in people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) who must use their peripheral vision. We measured the size threshold for recognizing lowercase let...

The human cognitive system is severely limited in the amount of information it can process simultaneously. When two tasks are presented within a short stimulus-onset-asynchrony (SOA), reaction time of each task, especially task 2, is dramatically delayed. Previous studies have shown that such delay is accompanied by increased activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (GFi). In this study, ...

We have raised a mouse monoclonal antibody that reacts specifically with the myocytes of the sinoatrial node of the bovine heart. By use of this antibody (445-6E10) and antibodies against the gap junction protein connexin43, the periphery of the sinoatrial node and the distribution of gap junctions in the nodal region were studied. The reaction patterns of 445-6E10 and anti-connexin43 are exact...

I. OVERVIEW Field estimation is an important application of wireless sensor networks. This type of application deploys sensor nodes in a specific region to remotely sense space-temporally variable processes. The spatial and temporal frequencies of sampling directly impact the quality of the estimation. Therefore, there is a tradeoff between the frequency and the number of samples transmitted, w...

Synthetic materials for bone replacement must ensure a sufficient mechanical stability and an adequate cell proliferation within the structures. Hereby, titanium materials are suitable for producing patient-individual porous bone scaffolds by using generative techniques. In this in vitro study, the viability of human osteoblasts was investigated in porous 3D Ti6Al4V scaffolds, which were produc...

Tumor-associated angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth or metastasis, and consists of multiple and sequential steps regulated by proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Vascular endothelial cell proliferation is involved in this process. We investigated the correlation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation with microvessel density (MVD) and expression of major proangiogenic molecule...

The eastern tropical South Pacific (ETSP) upwelling region is one of the ocean's largest sinks of fixed nitrogen, which is lost as N2 via the anaerobic processes of anammox and denitrification. One-third of nitrogen loss occurs in productive shelf waters stimulated by organic matter export as a result of eastern boundary upwelling. Offshore, nitrogen loss rates are lower, but due to its sheer s...