In order to evaluate the microvascular anatomy and the interconnections, 101 fixed brains from human cadavers with a mean age of 41.3 years were subjected to objective scrutiny. Symmetry was visualized with an unaided eye and measurements made under microscopic magnification technique using a micrometer. Classic symmetry was observed in only 19 of the specimens, whereas the rest of the 82...

We noninvasively evaluated the effects of nicardipine on cerebral vascular responses to hypocapnia and blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery of 10 patients aged 17-60 (mean +/- SD 46.1 +/- 11.8) years. During fentanyl/diazepam/nitrous oxide anesthesia, mean blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery was measured and cerebral vascular reactivity to hypocapnia induced by hyperv...

isolated third nerve palsy develops in numerous intracranial pathologies such as closed head trauma, tumor, and aneurysm. this report describes a 61 years old female with an abrasion on the left forehead and ptosis of the left eye. initial computed tomography did not reveal any causative cerebral and vascular lesions or orbital and cranial fractures. high-resolution and multi-axial enhanced mag...

Accurate assessment of gestational age, fetal growth, and the detection of fetal and placental abnormalities are major benefits of sonography. Color Doppler can be used to assist in the identification of vascular architecture, detection of vascular pathology and visualization of blood flow changes associated with physiologic processes and disease states. The clinical applications of obstetrical...

Neurovascular Disorders Neurovascular disorders encompass those conditions that result in cerebrospinal ischemia, infarction, and hemorrhage. Various vascular and parenchymatous changes have been reported in dogs and cats in association with vascular anomalies (e.g., aneurysms, telangiectatic hamartomas), cerebral arteriosclerosis, mineral and pigment deposition, malacias and necrosis, cerebral...

This article summarises current research findings and expert consensus about the treatment of patients in whom covert cerebral vascular disease is identified - a common incidental finding on CT head scans which can often lead to questions clinical management whether new medications should be started.

Although cerebral small vessel disease has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the cerebral microcirculation is difficult to visualize directly in vivo. As the retina and the brain share similar embryological origin, anatomical features and physiological properties with the cerebral small vessels, the retinal vessels thus offer a unique and easily accessible "window"...

Chronic hypertension is associated with a lower cerebral vascular reserve due to thickening of the media of cerebral vessels. The goal of the present study was to determine if long-term inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme with cilazapril, a new long-acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, could improve cerebral vascular reserve. For this purpose, two groups of 12 spontaneously h...

Vascular dementia accounts for approximately 20% of all cases of dementia and for about 50% in subjects over 80 years. Thromboembolism with multiple cerebral infarcts was considered to be almost the only pathogenetic pathway of vascular dementia, with multi-infarct dementia as its clinical manifestation. However, there is a great heterogeneity of vascular dementia syndromes and pathological sub...