The podocyte is a specialized epithelial cell with numerous interdigitating foot processes which play an important role in the regulation of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) permeability. The nephrotic syndrome results from increased glomerular permeability to proteins and is structurally belived to be associated with podocyte foot process effacement. Despite increasing knowledge of the m...

Cervical dilation is the most important parameter that assessed during childbirth to validate a woman truly in labour and whether progressing as expected. It opening of mother’s cervix from when it closed at 0 cm fully dilated 10 cm, for baby pass through be delivered. The cylinder-shaped tissue connects uterus vagina. majorly highly subjective, painful, error-prone, infection-prone Vaginal Exa...

A number of recent articles attribute the origin of the use of cervical balloon dilation in the induction of labor to either Barnes in the 1860s or Embrey and Mollison in the 1960s. This review examines the historical record and reveals that, based on current practice attribution should rather be made to two contemporaries of Barnes: the Storer and Mattei. More importantly, Storer's warning abo...

Renal biopsies of patients with proteinuria and kidney disease most often are associated with podocyte foot process effacement. For several decades, nephrologists have wondered whether proteinuria is a result of podocyte foot process effacement or the cause of it. In the past few years, the author's laboratory has addressed this issue using different mouse models of proteinuria. Although in mos...

Hoarseness of voice is a common symptom of many laryngeal and extralaryngeal conditions. It is very crucial to identify the culprit behind it, keeping in mind all the various differentials. We report a case of a 35-year-old woman presenting with complaint of hoarseness of voice. Upon cardiac evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with bicuspid aortic valve, with severe aortic stenosis and dilati...

Objective: To report on the successful collaboration of chiropractors and midwives, we describe the care of a woman in labor with problems associated with dystocia. Clinical Features: The patient is a 26-yr-old nulliparous female attended to during a home birth delivery with 3 midwives and her chiropractor. With lack of cervical dilation, descent and diminished uterine contractions along with d...

This study was performed to determine whether sympathetic stimulation reduces or redistributes cerebral blood flow. Total and regional cerebral blood flows were measured with the use of microspheres. Left stellate and superior cervical ganglia were stimulated electrically in anesthetized dogs. Sympathetic stimulation did not alter blood flow to ipsilateral cerebrum, cerebellum, or brainstem. Re...

Background and objective: Hyoscine N-butyl bromide acts by inhibiting cholinergic transmission in pelvic parasympathetic ganglia and antagonizing muscarinic receptors of smooth muscles in the abdomen and pelvic organs, thus relieving spasm aiding to cervical dilation. This study is to assess the efficacy of Hyoscine butyl bromide on cervical dilation in multigravid pregnant women during the act...

We evaluated the relationship between duration of labor induction and successful vaginal delivery (VD) in nulliparous women at term. Nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies > or = 37 weeks who underwent labor induction at a single institution were studied. Exclusion criteria were nonvertex presentation, stillbirth, fetal chromosomal/structural abnormalities, spontaneous labor, and spontane...