The inhibitory neuropeptide somatostatin (SRIF) initiates many of its physiological effects by binding to membrane receptors which are coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein(s). We have solubilized such a SRIF receptor-G-protein complex and purified it using a biotinylated SRIF analog and guanine nucleotide-dependent affinity chromatography. Following [125I-Tyr11]SRIF binding to membran...

Intercomparisons of coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) and carbon cycle models are important for galvanizing our current scientific knowledge to project future climate. Interpreting such intercomparisons faces major challenges, not least because different models have been forced with different sets of forcing agents. Here, we show how an emulation approach with MAGICC6...

Atmosphere and ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) experiments for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) are analyzed to better understand model variability and assess the importance of various forcing mechanisms on stratospheric trends during the 20th century. While models represent the climatology of the stratosphere reasonably well in comparison wit...

Climate change is one of the leading issues affecting river basins due to its direct impacts on cryosphere and hydrosphere. General circulation models (GCMs) are widely applied tools assess climate but coarse spatial resolution GCMs limit their application for local studies. This study selected five CMIP5 (CCSM4, HadCM3, GFDL-CM3, MRI-CGCM3 CanESM2) performance evaluation ranked by Nash–Sutclif...

Both naturally occurring La Niña events and model-projected anthropogenic-driven global warming are associated with widespread drying in the subtropics to midlatitudes. Models suggest anthropogenic drying should already be underway but climate variability on interannual to multidecadal time scales can easily obscure any emerging trend, making it hard to assess the validity of the simulated forc...

Abstract This manuscript applies the recently-created atmospheric river intensity and impacts scale (AR Scale) to European continent. The AR Scale uses an Eulerian perspective based solely upon time series of integrated vapor transport (IVT) over a given geographic location (often represented by model or reanalysis “grid cell”). assigns events with persistent, strong IVT at that one five levels...