AIMS To assess the impact of plain packaging on visual attention towards health warning information on cigarette packs. DESIGN Mixed-model experimental design, comprising smoking status as a between-subjects factor, and package type (branded versus plain) as a within-subjects factor. SETTING University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of young adults, comprising non-smokers (n ...

In a double-blind study, 0.5% bupivacaine 3 ml in plain (n = 10) or hyperbaric (n = 10) solution was injected intrathecally to 20 patients who were in the sitting position, to produce spinal anaesthesia for transurethral resection of prostate. No statistically significant differences were found in time to maximum cephalad spread of analgesia nor in the level reached. However, the plain solution...

Interobserver reliability of the AO system of classification of fractures of the distal radius was assessed using plain radiographs and CT. Five observers classified 30 Colles'-type fractures using only plain radiographs; two months later they were reclassified using CT in addition. Interobserver reliability was poor in both series when detailed classification was used. By reducing the categori...

Background: While plain radiography is commonly used to assess scaphoid fracture, this imaging modality may not accurately demonstrate early bone healing. This investigation evaluates the utility of 64-slice CT in the detection of early fracture healing compared to plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Outpatients attending follow-up visits for scaphoid fractures at H...

the chah morra cu occurrence is located 15 to 20 km north of toroud village, south of shahrood. in this area, cu deposits are hosted by the andesitic sequence and most of rocks in this area are composed of andesite. veins contain minerals such as digenite, bornite, covellite, malachite, cuprite, tenorite, native copper and fe oxide and hydroxides. also some orthomagmatic magnetite and chalcopyr...

one of the major strengths of a geographic information system (gis) in geosciences is the ability to integrate and combine multiple layers into mineral potential maps showing areas which are favorable for mineral exploration. these capabilities make gis an extremely useful tool for mineral exploration. several spatial modeling techniques can be employed to produce potential maps. however, these...

today, environmental crisis and loss of natural resources are the principle causes of the creation of environmental management systems. the optimal management of natural resources requires the assessment and classification of ecological and environmental potentials. using this method, the abilities and restrictions of resources can be recognized, and their future trends can be predicted. nebka ...