nowadays, many organizations deal with increasing competition and environmental uncertainty, which caused by innovations in technologies and customer needs change. in term of this condition and environment, old and traditional methods in supply chain has lost their efficiency. on efficient method in this regard is leagility. thus, to model the leagility of supply chain , numbers of research was...

In this paper we develop a model of Bertrand price competition with uncertainty as to the number of bidders. The auction models predict retail price dispersion as an observable feature of price discrimination. The implications of the auction models are tested using a logit model on primary data. Some simulations of the logit model further enrich and capture critical states of chain-store rivalr...

Supplying chain cooperation has already become an important strategy that enterprises use to tackle market competition; however, the supply chain crisis caused by supply chain risk makes the supply chain operation of enterprises very fragile. This paper applies Portfolio Theory to explain the suppliers’ combination plays an important role in dispersing the supplying chain risk and controlling i...

We study a supply chain economy that comprises heterogeneous supply chains involving multiple products and competing for multiple markets. The proposed network model is built upon operation links and interface links, representing, respectively, substantial supply chain operations and coordination functions between the operations. The paper presents a variational inequality formulation of the pr...

This paper investigates the impact of provided service by the retailers and manufacturers on customers’ demand and members’ profit in a supply chain. It focuses on a supply chain structure with one manufacturer and a common retailer. The demand of customers depends on retailer price and service level. A game-theoretic framework is applied to obtain the equilibrium solutions for each entity in s...

With the market competition aggravating, it becomes necessary for market players to adopt a business model which can adopt dynamic business changes. Any enterprise has the possibility to win in the competition only when it forms the strategic alliance with the upstream and downstream enterprise. This paper articulates a way of using unified modelling language (UML) to develop business value cha...

This paper investigates the Stackelberg equilibrium for pricing and ordering decisions in a multi-channel supply chain. We study a situation where a manufacturer is going to open a direct online channel in addition to n existing traditional retail channels. It is assumed that the manufacturer is the leader and the retailers are the followers. The situation has a hierarchical nature and...

I this study, we seek to better understand the value of information technology (IT) in supply chain contexts. Grounded in the resource-based theory in conjunction with transaction cost economics, we develop a conceptual model that links three IT-related resources (backend integration, managerial skills, and partner support) to firm performance improvement. The model differs from previous studie...

We study experimentally bargaining in a multiple-tier supply chain with horizontal competition and sequential bargaining between tiers. Our treatments vary the cost differences between firms in tiers 1 and 2. We measure how these underlying costs influence the efficiency, negotiated prices and profit distribution across the supply chain, and the consistency of these outcomes with existing theor...