In previous lectures we saw examples in which active learning gives an exponential improvement in the number of labels required for learning. In this lecture we describe the Disagreement Coefficient —a measure of the complexity of an active learning problem proposed by Steve Hanneke in 2007. We will derive an algorithm for the realizable case and analyze it using the disagreement coefficient. I...

Consider a game of drawing balls from a bucket. The game manager tosses a secret coin. If the outcome is heads, the manager places 3 red balls and 2 white balls, and vice versa if the outcome is tails. Each player in his turn draws a ball from the bucket, secretly and at random, and has to announce (to all other players) his guess of the outcome of the original toss. Now, suppose that the rst f...

Accurate protein function prediction is an important subject in bioinformatics, especially wheresequentially and structurally similar proteins have different functions. Malate dehydrogenaseand L-lactate dehydrogenase are two evolutionary related enzymes, which exist in a widevariety of organisms. These enzymes are sequentially and structurally similar and sharecommon active site residues, spati...

OBJECTIVES Preparations containing saw palmetto berries are used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). There are many products on the market, and relatively little is known about their chemical variability and specifically the composition and quality of different saw palmetto products notwithstanding that in 2000, an international consultation paper from the major urological a...

See-saw nystagmus is a rare ocular abnormality, only 15 cases having been recorded to date (Maddox, 1914; Rucker, 1946; Larsen, 1957; Jensen, 1959; Smith and Mark, 1959; Mark, Smith, and Kjellberg, 1960; Lourie, 1963; Schurr, 1963; Kinder and Howard, 1963; Slatt and Nykiel, 1964; and Daroff, 1965). As initially described by Maddox (1914), the eye movements consist of regular reciprocating oscil...

We present an unusual case of cardiomyopathy in a two month old male infant with a grade-I systolic murmur. Echocardiographic examination disclosed left ventricular (LV), dysplasia with saw-tooth like inwards myocardial projections extending from the lateral walls towards the LV cavity. There was mild LV systolic dysfunction with apical hypokinesia. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance demonstrate...