K e y words: Markov model, error detection, error correction, bunsetsu, substitution, deletion, insertion 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n In order to improve the man-machine interface with computers, the <tevelopment of input devices such as optical cha.racter tea<lets (OCR) or speech recognition devices are expected, llowew;r, it is not easy to input Japanese sentences J)y these devices, because. th...

To the Editor: Bartonella spp. are gram-negative alphaproteobacte-ria that are transmitted between the reservoir and mammal host by he-matophagous insects (1). The genus Yersinia comprises 11 species, of which Y. pestis is the causative agent of plague, a deadly rodent-associated, fleaborne zoonosis (2). Despite the large number of plague cases reported in humans and the large amount of data ab...

At NDSS 2012, Yan et al. analyzed the security of sev-eral challenge-response type user authentication protocolsagainst passive observers, and proposed a generic countingbased statistical attack to recover the secret of some count-ing based protocols given a number of observed authentica-tion sessions. Roughly speaking, the attack is based on thefact that secret (pass) o...

Overview: Detection of water and carbon is important in order to support existence of life on other planets. Water has been detected on Mars and Moon in the form of ice and in hydrous minerals. Among the various techniques to detect water, ice, and H 2 O/OH bearing minerals, Raman spectroscopy stands out as providing distinctive spectra for unambiguous identification of water and water bearing ...

The control of the core-shell structure at the nanometer is one of the most fundamental chal‐ lenges in condensed matter science [Deville et al., 2009; Woodley et al., 2008; Bannin, 2007; Ji et al., 2007; Lauhon et al., 2002]. One of the fundamental concepts regarding the synthesis of nanowires via the spontaneous self-organization of individual nanoparticles, called spontane‐ ous organization ...

1 1 Distribution of this document in any form violates the copyrights of the publisher. Cosuppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) all describe homology-dependent gene silencing phenomena in plants that involve what is more broadly known as RNA interference (RNAi). The study of these phenomena in plants has provided numerous key discoverie...

Whenever we talk about Dopagem (the Portuguese term adopted by the Autoridade Brasileira de Controle de Dopagem—ABCD—for the act of doping) people usually think only about the consumption of performanceenhancing drugs. Sometimes this is true. However, the larger truth is that doping is not restricted to drugs of any type, it is about ethics; it is about values. When an athlete uses prohibited s...

Petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of Eupatorium triplinerve Vehl. leaves were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against 11 human pathogenic bacteria and six phytopathogenic fungi. The crude extracts showed good activity against the organisms tested herein. The chloroform extract exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (22 mm in diam wit...

P atient populations across the world are becoming increasingly diverse, introducing a variety of health behaviours that are influenced by a patient's cultural background. Tomorrow's Doctors guidelines state that all qualified doctors must respect patients 'without prejudice', irrespective of 'diversity of background and opportunity, language, culture and way of life' (1). Are medical students ...

for the liberal arts as well as research and technology, he spear-headed public-private partnerships to promote economic development. Dobelle also served as mayor of Pittsfield, Mass.; commissioner of environmental management and natural resources for Massachusetts; chief of protocol for the Carter White House; and U.S. assistant secretary of state with the rank of a m b a s s a d o r. He holds...