This review presents a strategy for management of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) waste by chemical modification as a viable method. PVC contains chlorine as a source to attack by nucleophiles (Nu-) and resultant product can be used for various applications due to its conductivity, antibacterial and ion exchange properties. Prominently used Nuare I-, SCN-, OH-, N3 -, phthalimide anion and concentrate...

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The authors wish to inform readers that there is an error in the chemical structures shown in Figure 4 of this paper [1]. The structure shown in the bottom left corner is an extremely unlikely type of radical. Following the proposed route, it should yield an ortho-quinone (without the unpaired electron) and a pyranosyl sugar free radical. The ortho-quinone should then undergo nucleophilic attac...

Terrorist attack in buildings by chemical and biological agents (CBAs) is a reality in our lives. This study applies computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict CBA dispersion in an office building in order to find the best locations for CBA sensors and to develop effective ventilation systems to protect building occupants in case of indoor CBA releases. It is found that the CFD is a useful t...

Security is a major issue affecting SCADA systems, designed and deployed in the last decade. Simulation of network attacks on a SCADA system presents certain challenges, since even a simple SCADA system is composed of models in heterogenous domains and simulation environments. Here, we simulate a chemical plant and its controller, communicating through an ethernet network. We simulate and obser...

FosA is a manganese-dependent enzyme that utilizes a Mn(2+) ion to catalyze the inactivation of the fosfomycin antibiotic by glutathione (GSH) addition. We report a theoretical study on the catalytic mechanism and the factors governing the regioselectivity and chemoselectivity of FosA. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the uncatalyzed reaction give high barriers and almost no regi...

It is a common assumption that, in the event of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) attack, a well-prepared and informed public is more likely to follow official recommendations regarding the appropriate safety measures to take. We present findings from a UK study investigating the ability of crisis communication to influence perceptions of risk and behavioral intentions in ...

The causes of tooth erosion are varied, but all are associated with a chemical attack on the teeth and resulting loss of tooth structure. Etiologic factors related to erosion cited in the literature include bulimia, eating acidic foods, soft drink consumption, acid reflux, and swimming, among others. This clinical report suggests that chronic use of headache powders can also be a factor leading...

introductionchildren with severe asthma attack are a challenging group of patients who could be difficult to treat and leading to significant morbidity and mortality. asthma attack severity is qualitatively estimated as mild, moderate and severe attacks and respiratory failure based on conditions such as respiration status, feeling of dyspnea, and the degree of unconsciousness. part of which ar...

The deterioration of bond strength between reinforcing steel and concrete as a result of impressed cathodic current with respect to the exposure time was investigated. A current in the magnitude of 3ma/ft2 (based on reinforcing rebar area) was used for a period of five years. Chemical analyses for sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in concrete cylinders were performed as a fun...