this research, for lowering the use of chemical fertilizer, was carried out using combinations of biological and chemical fertilizer on bean in rasht region in 2012 growing season. the experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with 12 treatments and three replications. experimental treatments included: control (no fertilizers and no inoculants), chemical fertilizers (n...

BACKGROUND Spreader grafts are widely considered to be the mainstay of treatment for insufficient internal nasal valve and are commonly placed preventively during rhinoplasty, after hump removal, to avoid middle vault collapse. Although the placement and suturing of spreader grafts in open rhinoplasty is fairly easy, their positioning and stabilization in endonasal rhinoplasty is associated wit...

Nosocomial transmission is an important characteristic of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. Risk factors for transmission of MERS-CoV in healthcare settings are not well defined. During the Korean outbreak in 2015, 186 patients had laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection. Those suspected as a source of viral transmission were categorized into the spreader groups...

Field experiment was conducted in 2008 at the Research Field of Agricultural College of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran to investigate the effects of urban waste compost (UWC), manure and chemical fertilizer on the initial growth of corn (Zea mays). Experimental design was split plot factorial with three replications. Main plots were assigned to nitrogen (N) fertilizer (0 and 200 kg N ha-1), an...

Cadmium is a common impurity in phosphatic fertilizers and may contribute to soil Cd accumulation. Changes in total and bioavailable Cd burdens to agricultural soils and the potential for plant Cd accumulation resulting from fertilizer input was investigated. Three year field studies were conducted using three dose levels of cadmium-rich, commercial, phosphate fertilizers applied at four agricu...

Growing fruit trees on the slopes of rolling hills in South China was causing serious environmental problems because of heavy application of chemical fertilizers and soil erosion. Suitable sources of fertilizers and proper rates of applications were of key importance to both crop yields and environmental protection. In this article, the impact of four fertilizers, i.e., inorganic compound ferti...

introduction cultivated sunflower is one of the largest oilseed crops in the world. sunflower seed is the third largest source of vegetable oil worldwide, following soybean and canola. nitrogen is one of the most important elements for crops to achieve optimum yields and quality. phosphorus (p), next to nitrogen, is often the most limiting nutrient for crop and forage production. phosphorus ava...

The health impacts caused by chemical fertilizer utilization have challenged long-term sustainable development in many countries, particularly developing countries. Based on the emergy analysis method, we estimated the temporal and spatial variations of the health costs, through atmospheric, water, and soil pathways, of chemical fertilizer utilization in China during the period from 1990 to 201...

Controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) are a branch of materials that are designed to improve the soil release kinetics of chemical fertilizers to address problems stemming losses from runoff or other factors. Current CRFs are used but only in a limited market due to relatively high costs and doubts about their abilities to result in higher yields and increased profitability for agricultural bus...