Abstract Background Two chief hurdles in most cancer treatments are chemoresistance and tumor recurrence, especially counting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most conformist chemotherapy fails to completely cure HCC patients because of its susceptibility develop multidrug resistance (MDR) through factors such as hypoxia, stem cells, drug efflux mechanism cells (CSC) which significant involved c...

High mortality rates in ovarian cancer have been linked to recurrence, metastasis, and chemoresistant disease, which are known involve not only genetic changes but also epigenetic aberrations. In cancer, adipose-derived stem cells from the omentum (O-ASCs) play a crucial role supporting tumor its tumorigenic microenvironment, further propagating abnormalities dissemination of disease. Epigalloc...

Current therapy of gynecologic malignancies consists of platinum-containing chemotherapy. Resistance to therapy is associated with increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)), 2 inflammatory mediators known to skew differentiation of monocytes to tumor-promoting M2 macrophages. We investigated the impact of cisplatin and carboplatin on 10 different cervical and ovarian ...

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered responsible for tumor initiation and chemoresistance. This study was aimed to investigate the possibility of targeting head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by NOTCH1 pathway inhibition and explore the synergistic effect of combining NOTCH inhibition with conventional chemotherapy. NOTCH1/HES1 elevation was found in human HNSCC, especially in tissue p...

The tumor microenvironment influences cancer progression and therapy outcome by mechanisms not yet fully understood. In this issue of Genes & Development, Bent and colleagues (pp. 1811-1821) show how chemotherapy causes endothelial senescence. Interestingly, senescent endothelial cells do not mount a typical senescence-associated secretory phenotype but instead acutely secrete IL-6, promoting c...

Chemoresistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells over expressing P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by the MDR1 gene, is a major obstacle to successful chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Previous studies have indicated that sinomenine can enhance the absorption of various P-gp substrates. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sinomenine on the chemoresistance in colon cancer cells a...

Non-coding microRNAs are involved in multiple regulatory mechanisms underlying response of cancer cells to stress leading to apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and autophagy. Many molecular layers are implicated in such cellular response including epigenetic regulation of transcription, RNA processing, metabolism, signaling. The molecular interrelationship between tumor protein (TP)-p53 family member...

Abstract Aim To determine if expression levels of Interferon-β1 (IFNβ1) in cancer associated fibroblasts, and Myxovirus Resistance 1 (MX1) – a downstream marker interferon activity, cells would be predictive markers chemotherapy response subsequent overall survival. Methods Breast tissue was obtained from microarrays triple negative cohort. Expression IFNβ1 MX1 determined by immunohistochemistr...

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a deadly disease with an extremely poor prognosis, owing largely to its high rate of resistance conventional temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. To identify the unknown drivers this chemoresistance, we performed genome-wide CRISPR knockout sensitivity screen. Results showed significant enrichment ~200 novel genes, including ARF4, previously unstudied gene involv...

Introduction Temozolomide (TMZ) is commonly used for glioma chemotherapy. However, TMZ resistance limits the therapeutic effect of TMZ in glioma treatment. LncRNA-H19 acts as an oncogenic LncRNA in some types of cancers and has been reported to be up-regulated in glioma. Materials and methods In our present study, we established TMZ-resistant glioma cells (U-251TMZ and M059JTMZ) to explore th...